著者

柿本 佳美 柿本 佳美

出版者

奈良女子大学アジア・ジェンダー文化学研究センター

雑誌

アジア・ジェンダー文化学研究 = Gender and culture in Asia (ISSN:24329525)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.51-60, 2017

---

Abortion as women's freedom of body and social justice This paper aims to clarify that the French procedure of legalization of abortion and its modification in recent years has been done in the direction of human rights approach, and that in this view, abortion is situated as the one of the alternative in the procreation. In 2016 January, French Government decided the modification of Veil law, that is, the suppression of the period of reflection in one week before final decision, authorization to mid-wives on deliberation of the mifepristone, and the direct payment of the public recompense of abortion to the medical services. We can see the difficult situation of the isolated women who had faced to unwanted pregnancy from the reason of the necessity of the modification. In France, women's movement of legalization of abortion in 1960-1970s is the important turning point of women's rights. Beauvoir analyzed why women cannot live as their own way: procreation and labor make women in the state of exclusion from the family of their parents and that of their husbands. She indicated the lack of the point of view that women is human being as like as man and the women's situation not to commit the world lacking the way to invent their own futures. She stated that in order to make women as human being, we must know the procedure of social elimination of women and take back their autonomy. Analyzing the modification of Veil law teaches us that French abortion has been sustained by the principle of protection of women's rights as the person and that it informs us the existence of socio-economic difficulties of women.

著者

松岡 悦子 松岡 悦子

出版者

アジア・ジェンダー文化学研究センター

雑誌

アジア・ジェンダー文化学研究 = Gender and culture in Asia (ISSN:24329525)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.39-51, 2021

---

寄稿論文授乳と女性との関係は、文化や歴史の中で多様であったが、現在の北米ではミドルクラスの 女性たちが公的な場で授乳する権利を求め、授乳をノーマライズする運動を繰り広げている。本 稿では、そのような北米の状況を踏まえた上で、アメリカと日本の授乳フォトが持つ意味を比較 する。 北米では乳房は性的なものと見なされ、公的な場での授乳が抑制されてきた。Facebookな どのソーシャルメディアは、2015年までのヌード規定に従って、授乳している女性の写真を削 除し、飛行機やレストランでは授乳した女性が制止されるケースが多く見られた。アメリカの授 乳フォトには、女性が自撮りしてソーシャルメディアに載せるものと写真家によるものとがある が、いずれも授乳を女性の自然な行為として可視化し、標準的な母のイメージを覆し、授乳に対 する社会の態度を変えようとするメッセージを秘めている。それに対して、日本では授乳が政治 的な対立となっておらず、授乳フォトは写真館で記念写真として撮影されるため、社会が期待す る幸せのイメージを反映したものが多い。だがそこには、社会がもつ幸せのイメージと女性が感 じる育児の矛盾とのずれが存在する。 以上のように、授乳フォトはそれが誰の視点で切り取られるのか、また母乳がそれぞれの社 会でどのように形作られるのかによって異なる意味を持つと言える。 The relationship between breastfeeding and women has taken varied forms throughout history and among different cultures. In North America movements led by middle class women to protect breastfeeding in public and to normalize it are gaining momentum. This article tries to interpret images of breastfeeding by comparing breastfeeding photos in North America and in Japan. In North America social media companies, such as Facebook, took down photographs of breastfeeding women many times before 2015 based on their standards of nudity. Breastfeeding in public places such as on airplanes or in restaurants was restrained because breasts were (are) seen as sexual objects that needed to be censored. Breastfeeding photos are either selfies taken and uploaded by breastfeeding women or those taken by photographers. Both types of photos in North America are filled with messages which intend to change society's attitudes toward breastfeeding by making breastfeeding visible as a natural maternal behavior and by dismantling traditional imagesof motherhood. In Japan breastfeeding photos are normally taken as commemorative photosin a photo studio where a photographer molds them to the image of happiness. However, a discrepancy between societal images of happiness and women's actual childcare experiences is detected in the photos. To conclude, breastfeeding photos in North America and Japan represent different images depending on whoseperspective they embody and how breastmilk/breastfeeding is construed in both societies.

著者

辻 浩和

出版者

奈良女子大学アジア・ジェンダー文化学研究センター

雑誌

アジア・ジェンダー文化学研究 = Gender and culture in Asia (ISSN:24329525)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.3-16, 2018

---

2017年12月16日第12回「女性史学賞」授与式の受賞ご挨拶。