著者
松永 俊男 Toshio Matsunaga 桃山学院大学社会学部
雑誌
桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = St. Andrew's University Journal of Christian Studies (ISSN:0286973X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.40, pp.1-29, 2004-02-20

In the Church of Scotland of the 1830s, there was the dissension between the Moderates and the Evangelicals. The Moderates accepted the right of wealthy landowners to appoint ministers to local churches. The Evangelicals were strict Calvinists and insisted on the right of congregations to elect their own ministers. Finally in 1843, the Evangelicals, led by Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847), left the established church and formed the Free Church of Scotland. Chalmers was also famous for his knowledge of science. Some prominent scientists were the Evangelicals as well. David Brewster (1781-1868) was famous for his optical research. John Fleming (1785-1857) was the representative naturalist of Scotland. Hugh Miller (1802-1856) was the most popular writer on geology. In this article, we examine their scientific writings and conclude that their scientific studies were based on their evangelical faith.
著者
野原 康弘 Yasuhiro Nohara 桃山学院大学経営学部
雑誌
桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = St. Andrew's University Journal of Christian Studies (ISSN:0286973X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.44, pp.1-42, 2009-02-20

In UK, the death of Elizabeth II automatically should place her son Charles, Prince of Wales, on the throne. There should be no difficulty at all as to who inherits the crown; no civil strife between her children, Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward. In the past, however, this peaceful state of crowning was not common, on the contrary, coronations often led to bloodshed; the first in succession to the throne did not always manage to mount the throne. When King Edward the Confessor died childless in 1066, a question, who should succeed the throne, occurred naturally. Edgar, who was the grandson of King Edmund, was one, Norwegian-Danish King Harald was also one, and Guillaume, the Duke of Normandy was another. Nevertheless Harold, the son of Earl Godwin, took a drastic measure: he had two services on the same day; King Edward's burial and his own coronation, which was extremely unusual even at that time, and which eventually aggravated the matter. The above three people appealed Harold's coronation. Edgar, however, was regarded too small to succeed the throne. King Harald from Norway invaded the north of England and occupied York temporarily but was finally defeated by newly crowned King Harold at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. Guillaume with a stronger claim against Harold was different from the two. He was waiting for the good time for a battle with Harold. Guillaume was born in 1027 at Falaise in Normandy, France, as an illegitimate child of the sixth Duke Robert of Normandy. King Edward's mother, Emma, was from Normandy, and Guillaume and King Edward were relatives. Guillaume made an invasion at Pevensey with a great fleet of warships in 1066. As is well-known, he completely beat King Harold's army at the Battle of Hastings. Nevertheless, it was more than two months before he crowned himself as William the Conqueror, King of England. This summer, I visited cities and towns in Normandy which were related to Guillaume, and also drove along the south-eastern coast of England. This means that I tried to follow the steps of Guillaume's conquest of England.
著者
村瀬 寿代 Hisayo Murase 桃山学院大学大学院修士課程修了
出版者
桃山学院大学総合研究所
雑誌
桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = St. Andrew's University Journal of Christian Studies (ISSN:0286973X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.39, pp.55-78, 2003-03-01

Guido Hermann Fridolin Verbeck was born in Zeist, the Netherlands in 1830 and went to the United States when he was 22. After he graduated from Auburn Theology School in the state of New York, he was ordained as a missionary of Dutch Reformed Church in America and came to Nagasaki as one of the first Protestant missionaries to Japan in 1859. He helped in various ways to establish modern Japan in the late 19th century, subsequently attaining fame as an adviser to the Meiji Government. Researchers have often concentrated on Verbeck's distinguished service or contribution to Japan and its people, yet very few tried to focus on his family records, his educational and religious background, and his early life previous to his arrival in Japan. Although Verbeck's biography, 'Verbeck of Japan', written by William Eliot Griffis, is one of the most important studies on Verbeck, Griffis made many incorrect statements in his writing. Most researchers seem to have believed whatever is written in 'Verbeck of Japan'. In this article, by studying the records of Zeist, Verbeck's family members and his early educational environment have been clarified. His religious experience, especially the Moravian education he was given, has also been taken into consideration. Verbeck's letters have been reexamined in detail to discover and confirm facts that have not been known to the public before. The aim of this article is to offer reliable information about Verbeck in order to find out how his experience in his youth helped him to earn his position in Japan and how his religious background influenced his way of conducting mission work as well as shaping his later character as a 'hired foreigner' in Japan.