著者
松永 俊男
出版者
公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団
雑誌
学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.3, pp.3_16-3_21, 2010-03-01 (Released:2010-10-25)
参考文献数
9
著者
松永 俊男
出版者
桃山学院大学総合研究所
雑誌
人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, pp.39-65, 2022-02-23

In 1859, Charles Darwin published Origin of Species as the abstract ofthe Big Species Book. He published revised editions of the Origin fivetimes, 2nd ed.( 1860), 3rd ed.( 1861), 4th ed.( 1866), 5th ed.( 1869), and6th ed.( 1872). In this paper, differences of formats over the six editionsare described, and alterations of Darwin’s attitude toward writing andrevising the Origin are investigated by analysing the correspondenceof Darwin with John Murray, Charles Lyell, Thomas Henry Huxley andothers. In writing the 1st ed. and the 2nd ed., Darwin wanted to complete theBig Book. He showed unwillingness to devote time to writing the Origin.But at the stage of the 3rd ed., he gave up the idea of completing the BigBook and decided to expand upon his theory of the biological evolutionthrough the Origin. After ten years from the 1st ed., Darwin’s idea of the branching evolutionfrom a common ancestor had been widely acknowledged. In theconcluding chapter of the 6th ed., Darwin states, “Now things are whollychanged, and almost every naturalist admits the great principle ofevolution.” (p. 424). This is Darwin’s declaration of victory. The mostimportant object of the Origin had been accomplished. After the 6th ed.,therefore, Darwin did not try to revise the Origin, and concentrated hisenergy on studying botany. The 6th ed. was published as a cheap edition. The appearance of the6th ed. was markedly different from the previous editions. The formatfrom the 1st ed. to 4th ed. was post octavo. The 5th ed. was crown octavo. The 6th ed. was shorter and narrower than the 5th ed. The types ofthe text in the previous editions were 10-point, but 8-point in the 6th ed.In the previous editions, texts were 35 lines in a page, but 45 lines in the6th ed. The previous editions are regarded as fair specimens of Victoriantypography. But the 6th ed. is difficult to read. From the 1st ed. to 4th ed., the price of the Origin was 14s. The 5thed. was 15s. The 6th ed. was half of the 5th ed., i.e., 7s6d. The previouseditions were type printing and were never reprinted. The 6th ed. wasstereotype printing and was reprinted almost annually. After the Education Act of 1870, the readership of England was enlarged.Murray’s objective in publishing the cheap edition was for thenew readership. The 6th ed. sold well, but it is probable that many peoplewere kept from reading the book by its unattractive appearance. Now the Origin has become a classical book of science and has beenpublished in various forms in various languages. However, it is rarethat the book is read thoroughly. The Origin is the typical book that is bought but not read.
著者
松永 俊男
出版者
科学基礎論学会
雑誌
科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.3, pp.129-133, 1989-12-25 (Released:2009-07-23)
参考文献数
26

ダーウィンの自然選択説は, 生物の適応形質を無目的な自然的原因によって生じたものとして説明する。これは, 生物のもつ合目的性を非目的論的な世界観の立場でとらえたものである1)。では, 生物にとって合目的性が認められない非適応形質 (non-adaptive character) を, 自然選択説はどのように理解するのであろうか。非適応形質の存在を認めることは, 自然選択説を否定することになるのであろうか。本稿ではこの問題を考えてみたい。前半ではこの問題に関するダーウィン以来の歴史的経過の大筋をたどり, 後半では現代の進化論における論争を考察する。
著者
松永 俊男 Toshio MATSUNAGA 桃山学院大学文学部
出版者
桃山学院大学総合研究所
雑誌
桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)
巻号頁・発行日
no.20, pp.139-161, 2000-12

Scientific investigation in early nineteenth century England was based on natural theology. The evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin was also based on natural thelogy. Most contemporary scholars and clergy accepted the evolution of organisms as providential evolution, that is, evolution guided by God. Darwinian theory did not reject the idea of providential evolution. Darwinian theory, however, also has a revolutionary factor, which implies a mechanical interpretation of the adaptation of organisms. Modern biologists acknowledge only this revolutionary factor in Darwinism. But in order to understand properly the historical significance of Darwinism, we must recognize the religious factor in Darwinism. In this article we analyse the theological background of Darwinism and survey the contemporary reception of Darwinism.
著者
松永 俊男
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 (ISSN:0286973X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, pp.81-95, 2001-03-01

1996年6月にヴァチカン天文台で,進化論と分子生物学に関する会議が開かれ,27人の諸分野の研究者が1週間にわたって議論を続けた。この会議に基づく論文集『進化生物学と分子生物学:神の行為についての科学的考察』が1998年に刊行された。本稿はこの論集に基づいて,現代のカトリック神学で進化論がどのように解釈されているかを考察するものである。教皇ヨハネ・パウロ2世(在位1978-)は,この会議の直後の1996年10月22日付で教皇庁科学アカデミーに進化論に関する書簡を送付しているが,これについては前稿で紹介し,進化論に対するカトリック教会の態度の変遷を概観した。本稿では,カトリックの神学者が,進化論と信仰の関係をいかに理解しているかを見ていきたい。
著者
松永 俊男
出版者
科学基礎論学会
雑誌
科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.4, pp.185-190, 1988-03-25 (Released:2009-07-23)
参考文献数
11

進化論に関する内外の議論を見ていると, 進化論の歴史や現代生物学の進化論について間違った前提を基になされているものが目につく。そうした誤解のうち, ここでは進化論史に関するものを5項目取り上げてみたい。最初の2つはダーウィン自身の進化論についてのもの, 次はダーウィン以降の進化論の歴史についてのもの, 最後の2つはダーウィンの進化論と現代進化論の関係についての誤解である。
著者
松永 俊男 Toshio Matsunaga 桃山学院大学社会学部
雑誌
桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = St. Andrew's University Journal of Christian Studies (ISSN:0286973X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.40, pp.1-29, 2004-02-20

In the Church of Scotland of the 1830s, there was the dissension between the Moderates and the Evangelicals. The Moderates accepted the right of wealthy landowners to appoint ministers to local churches. The Evangelicals were strict Calvinists and insisted on the right of congregations to elect their own ministers. Finally in 1843, the Evangelicals, led by Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847), left the established church and formed the Free Church of Scotland. Chalmers was also famous for his knowledge of science. Some prominent scientists were the Evangelicals as well. David Brewster (1781-1868) was famous for his optical research. John Fleming (1785-1857) was the representative naturalist of Scotland. Hugh Miller (1802-1856) was the most popular writer on geology. In this article, we examine their scientific writings and conclude that their scientific studies were based on their evangelical faith.
著者
松永 俊男
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
総合研究所報 (ISSN:03850811)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.1, pp.45-61, 1983-06-30
被引用文献数
1