著者

臼杵 陽

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.4, pp.113-140, 2012-03-20

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In this article, I discuss a recent trend in studies on a Palestinian political leader, al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni (1895-1974) with special attention to the relationship between Hajj Amin and the Nazis (National Socialists) during the Second World War. Hajj Amin's enemies have accused him of collaborating with the Nazis. Appointed the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem in the early 1920s, he escaped arrest by the British authorities from Palestine in 1937 for his role in the Palestinian Arab revolt in 1936. He went into exile in Nazi Germany and stayed there until the end of the war, after the failure of Rashid Ali Kaylani's coup in Iraq in 1941. Recently a lot of new studies have been published to emphasize his political role under the Nazi regime. These studies claim that Hajj Amin shared the Nazis'hatred of the Jews. Some researchers also assert that Nazi ideology persists among radical Arab nationalists and Islamic fundamentalists in the Middle East and that the collaboration between the Nazis and Hajj Amin during the war introduced the political and ideological ideas of Nazism into an Arab and Islamic context, especially after September 11, 2001. Against this background, this article tries to re-touch the picture of Hajj Amin's role from Arab and Palestinian perspectives.

著者

奈良本 英佑

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.3, pp.361-384, 2010-03-15

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The British Palestine Government started its official radio station the "Palestine Broadcasting Service" (PBS) in 1936. Previously to that, the Italian "Radio Bari" initiated Arabic language service to the Middle East in 1935, and a little later the Germans began broadcasting Arabic language radio to the region in 1938. Then in 1939, the Second World War broke out, and Palestine came to occupy a key strategic position, especially during the period from 1941 to 1943 when the fierce fighing between the Allied and the Axis forces in North Africa took place; therefore, not a few British leaders hoped to turn the PBS into a central machine for counter propaganda to Italian and German broadcasting toward the Middle East. The Palestine official radio, however, never played a major role in the propaganda war in the Middle East. It was another radio station in Palestine, established secretly by the British Army in 1941, that undertook this role. Why? The author discusses the reasons for this.

著者

坂本 憲昭

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.1・2, pp.37-63, 2016-09-27

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This paper examines the opinion that the future of the high-rise apartment is the same as the history of the housing complex. As a result of having checked the age change of the local residents in each area with many housing complex, the large-scale apartments or the high-rise apartments, it is found that the ratio of people over 65 years old of the high-rise apartments in the early period is increasing. To continue the movement of inhabitants based on the process of the housing complex, the practice of the next factors are necessary. [Internal factor] Keep high asset value of high-rise apartments by the large-scale repair and renovation work. [External factor] Support measure to the families.

著者

杉橋 やよい

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.4, pp.53-79, 2009-03-09

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The purpose of this article is to examine both a virtue and inherent limitations in the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Technique, the most popular econometric method for analysing gender wage differentials. The technique is used to decompose the gender wage gap into two parts: the gender differences in endowment and the differential remuneration of that endowment. The second part is assumed to reflect 'discrimination'. The method has a virtue in quantifying the differences in characteristics and 'discrimination' within the gender pay gap. However, there are some critical limitations that are inherent in the method. (1) The extent of the gender differences and the extent of 'discrimination' depend on variables included in the wage equations.(2) The technique ignores discrimination within or outside the labour market, or women's reaction to discrimination in the workplace, thereby decomposing the gender pay gap into two parts. In other words, the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method implicitly assumes that wage gaps arising from differences in endowment are separate from those arising from labour market discrimination. The inclusion of variables that reflect labour market discrimination, such as occupational segregation, increases the estimated effect of 'gender difference in endowment' and decreases the estimated effect of 'discrimination'.(3) The explanatory variables are not independent, which causes some degree of multicollinearity.(4) Breaking down the gender pay gap by individual variables is misleading since the size of the constant and the contribution of the dummy variables in the unexplained portion of the model are influenced by the choice of the base categories for the dummy variables.

著者

浅谷 眞弓

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.3, pp.171-190, 2017-03-15

著者

古澤 直人

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4, pp.339-380, 2013-03-15

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This paper considers factors in the Heiji Disturbance and the circumstances of a nine-day incident through an examination of the theory of Mr. Syousuke KAWACHI (河内祥輔). The conclusions are as follows.(1) The situation in aristocratic circles after the Hougen Disturbance was not stable.(2) The confrontation between a direct Imperial government group and a cloister government group began from the time of GOSHIRAKAWA’s (後白河) abdication from the throne.(3) Mr. KOUCHI pointed out the motives of the original Crown Prince in the lead-up to the nine-day incident, but there are no historical records that can establish the truth about “GOSHIRAKAWA’s intentions.”(4) It was not a “fire due to negligence” but “arson” in the case of the SANJOUDONO (三条殿) fire during the nine-day incident. Retired emperors were moved to the Imperial Palace because of the “arson”, and the SHINZEI (信西) family’s influence was eliminated at the same time.(5) Evidence of GOSHIRAKAWA’s hatred of SHINZEI is thin.(6) The joint conspiracy to exclude the SHINZEI family continued until February 20th the following year.(7) There was no theory that clearly drew a connection in the rebel forces from NOBUYORI (信頼) to GOSHIRAKAWA. (8) The SHINZEI family’s isolation is due to the fact that the main characters in the nine-day incident were anti-SHINZEI groups. (9) The account of the incident was re-written 25 or 26 days afterwards, but this was not done to conceal GOSHIRAKAWA’s intentions but to water down the extent of TUNEMUNE (経宗) and KOREKATA’s (惟方) participation.

著者

増田 壽男

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.3, pp.191-251, 2015-03-20

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The point of departure for the present study is that the combination of spatial dispersal and global integration has created a new strategic role for major cities. Beyond their long history as centers for international trade and banking, these cities now function in four new ways: first, as highly concentrated command points in the organizations of the world economy; second, as key locations for finance and for specialized service firms, which have replaced manufacturing as the leading economic sectors; third, as sites of production, including the production of innovations, in these leading industries; and fourth, an markets for the products and innovations produced. These changes in the functioning of cities have had a massive impact upon both international economic activity and unban form: cities concentrate control over vast resources, while finance and specialized service industries have restructured the urban social and economic order. Thus a new type of city has appeared. It is the global city. The first thesis advanced in this book is that the territorial dispersal of current economic activity creates a need for expanded central control and management. But top-level control and management of the industry has become concentrated in a few leading financial centers, especially New York, London, Tokyo, Frankfurt, and Paris. The Fundamental dynamic posited here is that the more globalized the economy becomes, the higher the agglomeration of central functions in a relatively few sites, that is, in global cities. A second major theme of this book concerns the impact of this type of these development of the national urban system in each of these countries and for the relationship of the global city to its nation-state. A third major theme explored in this book concerns the consequences of these developments for the national urban system in each of these countries and for the relationship of the global city to its nation-state. The fourth and final theme in the book concerns the impact of these new forms of, and conditions for, growth on the social order of the global city.

著者

田口 清一

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.3, pp.377-389, 2011-02-25

著者

牧野 文夫

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.105-139, 2017-08-22

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This paper discusses the distribution of income and wealth, and poverty in Japan from the late Meiji Era to the late 1930s, using microdata on assessed income obtained for the collection of the local household tax called Kosūwari in selected areas. The analysis demonstrates several interesting results. First, Gini coefficients based on household income in these selected areas show that income inequality rose as incomes went up. Second, the decomposition of the Gini coefficient among different income levels suggests that the income share in middle income groups dropped markedly when income inequality worsened sharply. Third, decomposing the Gini by income sources for rural areas showed that a decline in non-agricultural incomes affected rising rural income inequality during periods of economic recession, while income from agricultural activities and income by renting out farm land increased inequality during periods of economic recovery. Fourth, the income share of labor in the non-agricultural sector showed a tendency to decline since Japan’s labor market was characterized by the continued presence of Lewisian surplus labor. The share of land in the total cost of agricultural production fell from the 1910s, while the share of labor remained relatively stable. Fifth, wealth was distributed more unequally than income. The Gini coefficient for rice field ownership ceased to increase in the 1910s when the share of land in the total cost of production began to decline as mentioned above. Finally, the relative poverty rate increased as average income levels rose and income inequality decreased. Based on local income data, the relative poverty rate for the whole country is estimated to have been around 20% in the 1920s and 1930s.

著者

飯田 隆

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.4, pp.67-85, 2005-03-07

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In Japan, financial administration which was carried out by the Ministry of Finance was known as "Convoy System (Goso Sendan Hoshiki)" since World War II. This "system" regulated larger banks with higher efficiency in order to put smaller banks whose management had poor efficiency on an equal footing in the financial system. This phrase refers to escorting cargo ships in war in which the speed of the escort is adjusted to the slowest ship. The problem is who was using this phrase for the first time, when it was, and where he was using it. In this paper, after careful investigation, it is concluded that a writer named Yamamoto Saburo was that person. However, his actual identity remains unclear, and one cannot deny the possibility that he was a bureaucrat in the Ministry of Finance. It seems that this phrase had been used inside the Ministry of Finance in the latter half of the 1960s. In that case, maybe, the bureaucrats who joined the Japanese navy during World War II began to use it. But as the Ministry of Finance itself could not use this phrase openly or officially, it was not known in the private sector. However, after Yamamoto Saburo used this phrase in a financial journal in 1976, it came to be used widely in the financial journalism. Among dictionaries of banking and finance or economics, the word "Goso Sendan Hoshiki" appeared frequently after 1998, which was the year that Japanse financial administration changed and the so-called "convoy system" came to an end.

著者

尾形 憲

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.4, pp.313-379, 1994-02-25

著者

岡 孝

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.2, pp.27-49, 2010-10-30

著者

靎見 誠良

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.29-63, 1983-07-30

著者

坂本 憲昭

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.1-21, 2017-08-22

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This paper shows the degree of congestion at a restaurant in a theme park through a simulation using Little’s formula, which is the most basic principle in Queueing Theory. In a certain type of restaurant, customers place their orders and pay first, then stand in line to receive their meals. The problem is the long time needed to serve the meals even when vacant seats can easily be found. Regarding congestion, it takes 40 minutes or more for the customers to receive their orders after lining up in the restaurant. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a case where Little’s formula reproduces a real system.