著者

Tomoaki NISHIKAWA Norihiko YAMADA Atsuhiko HATTORI Hiroyuki FUKUDA Tsuchiyoshi FUJINO

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.10, pp.2221-2223, 2002 (Released:2003-06-19)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

36

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Ajoene, a major compound containing sulfur in oil-macerated garlic products, inhibited in a two-stage carcinogenesis test on mouse skin. Treatment with ajoene suppressed skin tumor formation, depending on the amount. In particular, the group treated with 250 μg of ajoene had only 4.9% the number of tumors per mouse compared with the control group at 18 weeks.

著者

Kitao Satoshi Sekine Hiroshi

出版者

社団法人日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.38-42, 1994-01-23

被引用文献数

29 97

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Transglycosylation from sucrose to phenolic and related compounds by sucrose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.7) from Leuconostoc mesenteroides was studied. The enzyme had a rather broad acceptor specificity and transferred glucosyl residue of sucrose to various acceptors such as hydroxybenzenes, hydroxybenzoic acids, benzyl alcohol, and hydroxybenzyl alcohols. The enzyme could transfer the glucosyl moiety of sucrose to phenolic OH groups and alcoholic (hydroxymethyl) OH groups, though not to carboxyl groups. The phenolic OH group was more effective than a hydroxymethyl group as the acceptor. Phenolic OH groups adjacent to hydroxyl, hydroxymethyl, or carboxyl groups had an increased effectiveness as acceptors. About 2.3g of the purified transfer product was obtained from 2.0g of hydroquinone. Its structure was identified as hydroquinone-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (α-arbutin) on the bases of the secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis, the component analysis of its enzymatic hydrolysates, and the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The browning resistance of α-arbutin to light irradiation was extremely increased compared to that of hydroquinone. The inhibitory activity on tyrosinase of α-arbutin was almost equal to that of arbutin.

著者

Kanda Tomomasa Akiyama Hiroshi Yanagida Akio TANABE Masayuki GODA Yukihiro TOYODA Masatake TESHIMA Reiko SAITO Yukio

出版者

社団法人日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.7, pp.1284-1289, 1998-07-23

被引用文献数

37 134

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The anti-allergic activities of polyphenol fractions extracted from immature fruits of apple (Rosaceae, Malus sp.) were evaluated by in vitro assays. A crude apple polyphenol (CAP) fraction, which had been obtained from the juice of immature apples by reverse-phase column chromatography, was further purified by LH-20 column chromatography to obtain an apple condensed tannin (ACT) fraction consisting of linear oligomeric epicatechins from the dimer to pentadecamer. ACT strongly inhibited the release of histamine from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells stimulated by the antigen-stimulation and from rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated by compound 48/80. The IC_<50> values for histamine release were 30 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml, respectively. ACT also inhibited hyaluronidase activity and the increase in intracellular free calcium concentration in RBL-2H3 cells stimulated with the antigen. These results suggest that ACT Affected early signal transduction including the calcium influx.

著者

Yoshimoto Makoto Okuno Shigenori Yoshinaga Masaru YAMAKAWA Osamu YAMAGUCHI Masaatu YAMADA Jiro

出版者

社団法人日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.537-541, 1999-03-23

被引用文献数

30 104

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Antimutagenicity of the water extracts prepared from the storage roots of four varieties of sweetpotato with different flesh colors was investigated using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. The extract from the whole roots of the purple-colored Ayamurasaki variety effectively decreased the reverse mutation induced not only by Trp-P-1,Trp-P-2,IQ, B [a] P, and 4-NQO but also by dimethyl sulfoxide extracts of grilled beef. Comparison of the inhibitory activity of the extracts from the normal Ayamurasaki and its anthocyanin-deficient mutant one suggested that the anthocyanin pigment in the flesh decreases the mutagenic activity of the mutagens as heterocyclic amines. Two anthocyanin pigments purified from purple-colored sweetpotato, 3-(6,6'-caffeylferulylsophoroside)-5-glucoside of cyanidin (YGM-3) and peonidin (YGM-6) effectively inhibited the reverse mutation induced by heterocyclic amines, Trp-P-1,Trp-P-2,and IQ in the presence of rat liver microsomal activation systems.

著者

Fujii Isao Mori Yuichiro Watanabe Akira KUBO Yasuyuki TSUJI Gento EBIZUKA Yutaka

出版者

社団法人日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.8, pp.1445-1452, 1999-08-23

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

9 80

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The Colletotrichum lagenarium PKS1 gene was expressed in the heterologous fungal host, Aspergillus oryzae, under the starch-inducible α-amylase promoter to identify the direct product of polyketide synthase (PKS) encoded by the PKS1 gene. The main compound produced by an A.oryzae transformant was isolated and characterized to be 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (T4HN) as its tetraacetate. Since the PKS1 gene was cloned from C.lagenarium to complement the nonmelanizing albinio mutant, T4HN was assumed to be an initial biosynthetic intermediate, and thus the product of the PKS reaction, but had not been isolated from the fungus. The production of T4HN by the PKS1 transformant unambiguously identified the gene to encode a PKS of pentaketide T4HN. In addition, tetraketide orsellinic acid and pentaketide isocoumarin were isolated, the latter being derived from a pentaketide monocyclic carboxylic acid, as by-products of the PKS1 PKS reaction. Production of the pentaketide carboxylic acid provided insights into the mechanism for the PKS1 polyketide synthase reaction to form T4HN.

著者

Ahsan Mohammad Mainul Matsumoto Miwako Karita Shuichi KIMURA Tetsuya SAKKA Kazuo OHMIYA Kunio

出版者

社団法人日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.427-431, 1997-03-23

被引用文献数

2 19

---

The Clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase CelJ contains two different catalytic domains in a polypeptide, i.e., a subfamily E1 catalytic domain and a family J catalytic domain [J Bacteriol., 178, 5732-5740 (1996)],, The family J catalytic domain (CDJ-CelJ) was produced by a recombinant Escherichia coli and purified. The purified CDJ-CelJ gave a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the molecular weight of this enzyme (60,000) was consistent with the value (60,333) calculated from the DNA sequence. CDJ-CelJ hydrolyzed various cellulosic substrates, xylan, and lichenan but not p-nitropbenyl (PNP)-cellobioside, PNP-glucoside, or PNP-xyloside at all. CDJ-CelJ was active on Avicel, a microcrystalline cellulose, and the specific activity of CDJ-CelJ on Avicel (0.0078U/mg protein) was comparable to that of CelS, which is recognized as the most important catalytic subunit of the C. thermocellum, cellulosome, suggesting that CelJ is also an important catalytic subunit in the cellulosome of this bacterium, in addition to CelS.

著者

Ueno Yoshie Hayakawa Kiyoshi Takahashi Saori ODA Kohei

出版者

社団法人日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.7, pp.1168-1171, 1997-07-23

被引用文献数

13 135

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Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) [EC 4.1.1.15] was purified from a cell-free extract of Lactobacillus brevis IFO 12005 by chromatographies on Sephadex G-100, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, and Mono Q. About 9 mg of purified GAD was obtained from 90.2 g of wet cells. The purified preparation showed a single protein band on SDS-PAGE. The molecular weights of purified GAD by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration on Superdex 200 were 60,000 and 120,000, respectively, indicating that GAD from L. brevis exists as a dimer. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified GAD was NH_2-Met-Asn-Lys-Asn-Asp-Gln-Glu-Gln-Thr-. The optimum pH and temperature of GAD were at pH 4.2 and at 30℃. The GAD activity was increased by the addition of sulfate ions in a dose-dependent manner. The order of effect was as follows: ammonium sulfate > sodium sulfate > magnesium sulfate, indicating that the increase of hydrophobic interaction between subunits causes the increase of GAD activity. The purified GAD reacted only with L-glutamic acid as asubstrate and the K_m, k_<cat>, and k_<cat>/K_m values were 9.3 mM, 6.5s^<-1>, and 7×10^2 M^<-1>s^<-1>, respectively.

著者

Nobuhiro HIRAI Ryuji YOSHIDA Yasushi TODOROKI Hajime OHIGASHI

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.7, pp.1448-1458, 2000 (Released:2005-02-10)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

85

---

The biosynthetic pathways to abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated by feeding [1-13C]-D-glucose to cuttings from young tulip tree shoots and to two ABA-producing phytopathogenic fungi. 13C-NMR spectra of the ABA samples isolated showed that the carbons at 1, 5, 6, 4′, 7′ and 9′ of ABA from the tulip tree were labeled with 13C, while the carbons at 2, 4, 6, 1′, 3′, 5′, 7′, 8′ and 9′ of ABA from the fungi were labeled with 13C. The former corresponds to C-1 and -5 of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, and the latter to C-2, -4 and -5 of isopentenyl pyrophosphate. This finding reveals that ABA was biosynthesized by the non-mevalonate pathway in the plant, and by the mevalonate pathway in the fungi. 13C-Labeled β-carotene from the tulip tree showed that the positions of the labeled carbons were the same as those of ABA, being consistent with the biosynthesis of ABA via carotenoids. Lipiferolide of the tulip tree was also biosynthesized by the non-mevalonate pathway.

著者

Hiromichi YOSHIKAWA Yayoi ICHIKI Keiko (DOI) SAKAKIBARA Hiroto TAMURA Masahito SUIKO

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.840-846, 2002 (Released:2003-05-21)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

23

---

Lunularic acid (LA) inhibited not only the germination and the growth of cress and lettuce at 1 mM but also the gibberellic acid (GA3)-induced α-amylase induction in embryoless barley seeds at 120 μM, which was recognized as a specific activity of abscisic acid (ABA). Moreover LA and ABA equally inhibited the growth of Lunularia cruciata A18 strain callus at 40 and 120 μM. A computational analysis revealed that the stable conformers of LA could be superimposed on the stable ABA conformers. In addition, the antibody raised against the conjugate of C1-ABA-bovine serum albumin (ABA-BSA) reacted with LA-horse-radish peroxidase (LA-HRP) conjugate as well as ABA-HRP conjugate, apparently. These results can explain why LA has ABA-like activity in higher plants. Moreover the results suggest that LA and ABA bind to the same receptor in higher plants.

著者

Ogawa Tadashi Tsuji Hideaki Bando Noriko Kitamura Keisuke Zhu Yue-Lin Hirano Hisashi Nishikawa Kiyoshi

出版者

社団法人日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.6, pp.1030-1033, 1993-06-23

被引用文献数

28 151

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The soybean allergenic protein, Gly m Bd 30K [Ogawa et al., J. Nutr. Sci. Vitamihol., 37, 555-565(1991)] which is most strongly and frequently recognized by the IgE antibodies in sera of soybean-sensitive patients with atopic dermatitis, has been characterized. The allergen was isolated from the crude 7S-globulin fraction as an oligomeric form with a molecular weight of more than 3000,000 by gel-filtration chromatography. On two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the native oligomeric allergen had an isoelectric point of about pH 4.5 and was dissociated into a monomeric form with a molecular weight of about 32,000 by the treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol. The monomeric allergen had an N-terminal amino acid sequence and amino acid composition identical with those of the soybean seed 34-kDa oil-body-associated protein or the soybean vacuolar protein P34 with close homology to papain-like thiol proteinases [Kalinski et al., J. Biol. Chem., 267, 12068 (1992)]. The identity was further confirmed by the immunological cross-reactivity to the antibodies produced against each of the purified allargen and the 34-kDa oil-body-associated protein. By this observation, Gly m Bd 30K was shown to have about 30% sequence homology with Der pI, a house dust mite allergen that is a thiol proteinase from Dermatophagoides pteronyssius.

著者

Osawa Toshihiko Sugiyama Yasunori Inayoshi Masanori Kawakishi Shunro

出版者

社団法人日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.9, pp.1609-1612, 1995-09-23

被引用文献数

23 180

---

In order to develop a new type of antioxidative compound which has both the phenolic and β-diketone moiety in the same molecule, we converted three known curcuminoids, curcumin (diferuloylmethane, U1), (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl)methane (U2), and bis-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)methane (U3), which are the natural antioxidants of Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), to tetrahydrocurcuminoids (THU1, THU2, and THU3, respectively) by hydrogenation, and evaluated their antioxidative activity by using linoleic acid as the substrate in an ethanol/water system. Further, we used the rabbit erythrocyte membrane ghost and rat liver microsome as in vitro systems and determined the antioxidative activity of these curcuminoids. When we evaluated their antioxidative activity by these assays, it was found that THU1 had the strongest antioxidative activity among all curcuminoids in each assay system. THU1 has been reported to be one of the main metabolites of U1 in vivo [Holder et al. , Xenobiotica, 8, 761-768 (1978)]. These results suggest that THU1 must play an important role in the antioxidative mechanism of U1 in vivo by converting U1 into THU1.

著者

SHIMOKAWA Tomoko YOSHIDA Shigeki TAKEUCHI Toshio MURATA Katsumi ISHII Tadashi KUSAKABE Isao

出版者

社団法人日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.9, pp.1532-1534, 1996-09-23

被引用文献数

4 36

---

The objective of this study was to prepare two series of authentic oligo-guluronic acids from sodium alginate. Oligo-guluronic acids (DP=1-9) were prepared from an acid hydrolysate of poly-guluronic acid by successive chromatographies of Bio-Gel P-6 and Q Sepharose Fast Flow. Oligo-guluronic acids having 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid residues at the non-reducing end (DP=2-7) were prepared from the enzymatic degradation products of the poly-guluronic acid in the same manner. Each of the isolated oligo-guluronic acids gave a single band on fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. These results suggest that successive chromatographies used in this study are well suited for the preparation of alginate-derived oligouronic acids.

著者

Hayashi Ken-Ichiro Suzuki Kiyokazu Kawaguchi Maki Nakajima Tomoko Suzuki Tadao Numata Masahiro Nakamura Toyoo

出版者

社団法人日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.319-320, 1995-02-23

被引用文献数

4 12

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In the search for antioxidants from microbial organisms, we found that Penicillium roquefortii IFO 5956 produced an antioxidant. This antioxidant was isolated from a culture broth of the strain, and its structure was identified to be 2, 3-dihydroxy benzoic acid (1). The antioxidative activity of 1 was nearly equal to that of tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisol(BHA).

著者

Chikako YAMADA Hidehiko IZUMI Junko HIRANO Aya MIZUKUCHI Mitsuo KISE Tsukasa MATSUDA Yasuko KATO

出版者

(社)日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.10, pp.1877-1883, 2005 (Released:2005-10-23)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

16

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The effect of germination and subsequent heat-processing on the degradation of soluble proteins, including some allergenic proteins, in brown rice grains was investigated. The content of soluble proteins, including 14–16-kDa and 26-kDa allergens, in the germinated and processed brown rice grains (GPR) was much lower than that of non-germinated brown rice. These proteins in brown rice grains were also much lower after subsequent heat-processing during the manufacturing process. The protease activity of germinated brown rice (GR) was detected and increased 1.5 times after germination. The optimum pH values for degradation of the 26-kDa and 14–16-kDa allergens in the GR grains were 4 and between 5 and 7, respectively. These results suggest that the decrease in the soluble proteins and allergens was induced in part by proteolytic degradation. The presence of a detergent enhanced the proteolytic degradation of the soluble proteins, especially of the 26-kDa allergen, in the brown rice grains. The degradation of the 26-kDa allergen was weakly inhibited by NEM, suggesting cysteine protease(s) may have been involved in its degradation. These results suggest that the two abundant allergens were degraded in a different manner and probably by different proteases in the grains during germination.

著者

Kaoru KOHYAMA Hiroko SAWADA Miho NONAKA Chiharu KOBORI Fumiyo HAYAKAWA Tomoko SASAKI

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.358-365, 2007-02-23 (Released:2007-02-23)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

58

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The difficulty in masticating and swallowing rice cake was quantified. Healthy subjects ate pieces of rice cake (9 g and 3 g) and a modified product (9 g). We used electromyography to measure the activity of the jaw-closing and -opening muscles during chewing, as well as the suprahyoid muscle activity, laryngeal movement, and sound during swallowing. The smaller the rice cake, the shorter the mastication time, the fewer the number of chews, and the less the jaw-closing muscle activity. A modified rice cake product (9 g) was consumed with less mastication effort than the standard rice cake (9 g) and with the same effort as the standard (3 g). Both the sample amount and texture influenced mastication, although neither factor caused a significant difference in swallowing characteristics. These observations suggest that swallowing was induced when the bolus properties became suitable for swallowing, as healthy subjects could adjust their mastication technique according to the food amount and texture.

著者

Yutaka SUZUKI Yoichi MIZUTANI Tadao TSUJI Naoto OHTANI Kazufumi TAKANO Mitsuru HARUKI Masaaki MORIKAWA Shigenori KANAYA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.364-373, 2005 (Released:2005-02-23)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

19

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The gene encoding alkaline phosphatase from the psychrotrophic bacterium Shewanella sp. SIB1 was cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was purified and its enzymatic properties were compared with those of E. coli alkaline phosphatase (APase), which shows an amino acid sequence identity of 37%. The optimum temperature of SIB1 APase was 50 °C, lower than that of E. coli APase by 30 °C. The specific activity of SIB1 APase at 50 °C was 3.1 fold higher than that of E. coli APase at 80 °C. SIB1 APase lost activity with a half-life of 3.9 min at 70 °C, whereas E. coli APase lost activity with a half-life of >6 h even at 80 °C. Thus SIB1 APase is well adapted to low temperatures. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of SIB1 and E. coli APases suggests that decreases in electrostatic interactions and number of disulfide bonds are responsible for the cold-adaptation of SIB1 APase.

著者

Khondkar Ehteshamul KABIR Daizo HIROWATARI Katsuhiro WATANABE Daizo KOGA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.252-262, 2006 (Released:2006-01-23)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

17

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75-kDa chitinase, which showed potential as a biocontrol agent against Japanese pine sawyer, was characterized after purification from the integument of the fifth instar larvae of Bombyx mori by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Toyoperal 650 (M), hydroxylapatite, and Fractogel EMD DEAE 650 (M) columns. The optimum pH was 6.0 toward N-acetylchitopentaose (GlcNAc5) and 10 toward glycolchitin. The optimum temperature was 60 °C toward GlcNAc5 and 25 °C toward glycolchitn. The enzyme was stable at pH 7–10 and below 40 °C. Kinetic analysis and reaction-pattern analysis using glycolchitin and N-acetylchitooligosacchraides as substrates indicated that 75-kDa chitinase is an endo- or random-type hydrolytic enzyme to produce the β anomeric product and that it prefers the longer N-acetylchitooligosaccharides, suggesting, together with the N-terminal amino acid sequence, that the 75-kDa chitinase belongs to family 18 of glycosyl hydrolases.