著者

奥村 智憲 谷 晃 小杉 緑子 高梨 聡 深山 貴文 小南 裕志 東野 達

出版者

The Society of Eco-Engineering

雑誌

Eco-engineering = 生態工学 (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.89-95, 2008-04-30

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Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by plants play an important role in the atmospheric chemistry of the troposphere. We conducted f ield measurements of monoterpene emissions from leaves of <I>Chamaecyparis obtusa</I>, which is one of the major tree species in Japan. Diurnal and seasonal variations of monoterpene emissions from <I>C. obtusa</I> were measured at the Kiryu Experimental Watershed (KEW) at 34°58′ N, 135°59′ E in Shiga Prefecture, central Japan. In August and October 2006 and in January and April 2007, the monoterpene emission rate (<I>E</I>), together with the leaf temperature, was measured using branch enclosure methods for a branch of two trees. The obtained data sets revealed that <I>E</I> highly correlated with leaf temperature throughout the seasons. The basal emission rate (<I>E<SUB>S</SUB></I>) under the standard conditions of 30°C, calculated using a widely used emission algorithm, ranged from 0.088 and 4.126 μg g<SUP>-1</SUP> h<SUP>-1</SUP>. The estimated <I>E</I> values were consistent with the measured <I>E</I> values within a root-mean-square (RMS) error of 0.005-0.525 μg g<SUP>-1</SUP> h<SUP>-1</SUP>, suggesting that the emission model can be used to determine the monoterpene emission responses of <I>C. obtusa</I> to temperature. However, the <I>E<SUB>S</SUB></I> values were significantly different between the trees and also different between seasons, indicating that a representative <I>E<SUB>S</SUB></I> value must be obtained from more data sets using more branches and trees.

著者

水谷 広

出版者

生態工学会

雑誌

Eco-engineering = 生態工学 (ISSN:13470485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.93-99, 2003-07-31

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2

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In order to make the activity of the humanosphere fit to the global limits, a concept of material and energy requirements (mer) for a product/service was proposed and defined. The argument is based on a unified treatment of material cycles applicable to both biogeochemical cycles and sociogeochemical cycles, in which knowledge, physical inflow, srocks (coined word from stock and process), benefit, and outflow constitute basic elements of material circulation. There are five classes of mers: Direct material and energy requirement (D-mer), Extended material and energy requirement (E-mer), Total material and energy requirement (T-mer), Lifetime material and energy requirement (L-mer), and limited Lifetime material and energy requirement (limited L-mer). They may be derived from LCA inventory data and may be used for the formulation of the resource productivity and the eco-efficiency. It was found that the L-mer, which is all the material and energy needed for a product/service to complete its entire lifecycle, was the sum of all the E-mers used in its lifetime, if its lifecycle contains no recycling process. Problems associated with the application of the mers to global change, i. e., kinds of data to be collected, data reliability, their relation to global limits, their conversion, impact allocations to benefit, and multiple indicators, are discussed.