- 著者
- 木下 こづえ 菊地 デイル 万次郎
- 出版者
- 京都大学ヒマラヤ研究会; 京都大学霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院; 京都大学ヒマラヤ研究ユニット
- 雑誌
- ヒマラヤ学誌 : Himalayan Study Monographs (ISSN:09148620)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.18, pp.65-71, 2017-03-28
特集1: ヒマラヤ研究ユニット = Special Issue 1: Contribution from the Kyoto University Unit for Himalayan Studies本誌公刊にあたっては、京都大学学士山岳会、京都大学「霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス」・リーディング大学院からの助成をうけました。Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is a big cat species well adapted to life at high altitudes in the Himalayan Mountains. They have some unique characteristics which are not common among other big cat species, such as, they cannot roar unlike other big cats, but they make a prusten call (the short sound of air expelled through the nostrils) like tigers. They are categorized as "Endangered" in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. One of their main problems is that herders kill snow leopards because they prey on livestock. For preliminary research on snow leopards, we visited their natural habitat in the Baga Bogd Mountains in south Mongolia and Ladakh in India. Here we discuss the conflicts and relationships between humans and snow leopards in these two countries. Mongolia is the next largest snow leopard habitat after China. In southern Mongolia, nomadic people have long lived in harmony with nature by traditional ecological knowledge. However, recently the number of nomadic people have increased production of cashmere sheep since they were allowed private property rights after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This caused excessive pasturing and the expansion of dry areas. Also, environmental destruction is caused by the development of mining and transportation infrastructure. We used camera traps to survey snow leopards in Baga Bogd mountain, southern Mongolia. Although Baga Bogd Mountain is a relatively small mountain, we could take photos of snow leopards; including cubs. From these pictures, we found that their territories overlapped and this mountain can be a important breeding ground for snow leopards. In this country, there remain many areas that have not been surveyed for snow leopards yet. Although Mongolia has urbanized rapidly, this country has a large number of snow leopards. We hope the natural nomadic culture will support the coexistence of humans and snow leopards in the future. Ladakh has conflict between humans and snow leopards as well. Unlike the nomadic people in southern Mongolia, people in Ladakh lives in steep mountain valleys largely overlapping with the habitat of snow leopards. Therefore it could stimulate livestock depredation by snow leopards. Indeed, we have encountered livestock depredation by snow leopard at the village in Ladakh in April 2016. Moreover, it is reported that livestock depredation increases from February to April. It may be related to the fact in this season, many female snow leopards become pregnant, and thus it may increase their energy demand. Also, other prey species density in this season may decrease due to the hibernation and migration, and thus it may increase livestock predation rate. Based on this we hypothesized that the rate of livestock predation by snow leopards changes with the physiological state of snow leopards and seasonal changes of the prey density. We are planning future research to evaluate this hypothesis as the next step.
- 著者
- 大西 近江
- 出版者
- 京都大学ヒマラヤ研究会; 京都大学霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院; 京都大学ヒマラヤ研究ユニット
- 雑誌
- ヒマラヤ学誌 (ISSN:09148620)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.19, pp.106-114, 2018-03-28
The original birthplace of cultivated buckwheat was revealed to be the Sanjiang region of Sichuan- Yunnan-Tibet border area by surveying the wild ancestor of cultivated common buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum ssp. ancestrale Ohnishi and analyzing genetic relationships between the natural populations of the wild ancestor and cultivated populations of common buckwheat. The wild ancestor of cultivated buckwheat is shown to be growing only in southwest corner of China, a west part of Sichuan province, a northwest corner of Yunnan province and a southern part of East Tibet. It is shown by molecular genetic analyses that the natural populations of the wild ancestor from the Sanjiang region are the most closely related with cultivated common buckwheat. This closely relatedness is shown not to be due to recent hybridization between the wild ancestor and cultivated buckwheat, rather it is due to the fact that cultivated buckwheat was originated from the wild ancestor from the Sanjiang region. As a conclusion, cultivated buckwheat is originated from the wild ancestor from the Sanjiang region. This immediately negates the de Candoll's hypothesis on the origin of cultivated buckwheat which says that cultivated buckwheat was originated in Siberia or in the Amur river basin of northeastern part of China.
- 著者
- 大西 近江
- 出版者
- 京都大学ヒマラヤ研究会; 京都大学霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院; 京都大学ヒマラヤ研究ユニット
- 雑誌
- ヒマラヤ学誌 (ISSN:09148620)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.19, pp.106-114, 2018-03-28
The original birthplace of cultivated buckwheat was revealed to be the Sanjiang region of Sichuan- Yunnan-Tibet border area by surveying the wild ancestor of cultivated common buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum ssp. ancestrale Ohnishi and analyzing genetic relationships between the natural populations of the wild ancestor and cultivated populations of common buckwheat. The wild ancestor of cultivated buckwheat is shown to be growing only in southwest corner of China, a west part of Sichuan province, a northwest corner of Yunnan province and a southern part of East Tibet. It is shown by molecular genetic analyses that the natural populations of the wild ancestor from the Sanjiang region are the most closely related with cultivated common buckwheat. This closely relatedness is shown not to be due to recent hybridization between the wild ancestor and cultivated buckwheat, rather it is due to the fact that cultivated buckwheat was originated from the wild ancestor from the Sanjiang region. As a conclusion, cultivated buckwheat is originated from the wild ancestor from the Sanjiang region. This immediately negates the de Candoll's hypothesis on the origin of cultivated buckwheat which says that cultivated buckwheat was originated in Siberia or in the Amur river basin of northeastern part of China.
- 著者
- 木村 友美
- 出版者
- 京都大学ヒマラヤ研究会; 京都大学霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院; 京都大学ヒマラヤ研究ユニット
- 雑誌
- ヒマラヤ学誌 : Himalayan Study Monographs (ISSN:09148620)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.18, pp.92-101, 2017-03-28
特集2: フィールド医学 = Special Issue 2: Field Medicine 本誌公刊にあたっては、京都大学学士山岳会、京都大学「霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス」・リーディング大学院からの助成をうけました。 本稿は、総合地球環境学研究所の研究プロジェクト「人の生老病死と高所環境―『高所文明』における医学生理・生態・文化的適応」(代表奥宮清人)の一環として、ヒマラヤ地方の北西端に位置するインド・ラダーク地方(以下、ラダーク)において行った医学・栄養学調査(2010年、2011年)から、特に都市部に移住したチベット人に焦点をあてたフォローアップ調査(2013、2014年)について報告するものである。著者らは、2010年9 月にラダークの中心都市レーで、2011年7 月にはラダークの遊牧地域のチャンタン高原でメディカルキャンプを行い、その医学調査・栄養学調査の結果、高血圧や糖尿病といった生活習慣病はチャンタン高原に暮らす遊牧民に比べて、都市の住民で多く、近代化による食や生活様式の変化の影響について示唆している1~3)。そこで、生活習慣病を有するレーの住民にはどのような生活背景や食の実態があるのかを調査するため、2013年、2014年に、生活習慣病のフォローアップとして住民宅への家庭訪問を実施した。2011年のレーでの健診は、チベット難民居住区を含むチョグラムサル地区にて行ったため、健診を受診した対象者309 人のうち多くは、高原から移住した元遊牧民のチベット人であった注1)。遊牧民の定住化、とくに都市への移住による生活様式の大きな変化が、摂取エネルギーの増加と消費エネルギーの減少に影響したことが考えられる。そこで、本稿では、遊牧民の都市への移住に注目し、生活習慣病を有している移住者の食と生活背景の事例を報告する。 This article describes the lifestyle of Tibetan refugees who have settled in Leh town in Ladakh, India, and especially focuses on dietary changes from their nomadic lifestyle. These case reports are based on the follow-up research which had carried out for the Tibetan elderly who had diagnosed diabetes and hypertension by the previous medical check-up done in 2010 and 2011. Authors had reported the prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases was higher among the elderly living in Leh town than that among living in nomadic area called Changtang plateau. Through the interview, the follow-up research also revealed how they perceive their current life after moved to the town from nomadic life as well as the change of daily diet and physical activity. The roles of the elderly are less in town compared to those in the mountain life with a lot of technical tasks such as spinning a yarn from yak hair, milking and processing dairy.