著者

石井 良助

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

帝國學士院紀事 (ISSN:03879984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.3, pp.457-484, 1942 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

姉崎 正治

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

帝國學士院紀事 (ISSN:03879984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.3, pp.485-506, 1942 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

姉崎 正治

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

帝國學士院紀事 (ISSN:03879984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.1-27, 1942 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

金子 彦二郎

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

帝國學士院紀事 (ISSN:03879984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.29-93, 1942 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

柴田 甚五郎

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

帝國學士院紀事 (ISSN:03879984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.95-125, 1942 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

原田 敏明

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

帝國學士院紀事 (ISSN:03879984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.127-145, 1942 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

關 寛之

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

帝國學士院紀事 (ISSN:03879984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.147-190, 1942 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

池内 宏

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

帝國學士院紀事 (ISSN:03879984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.191-213, 1942 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

姉崎 正治

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

帝國學士院紀事 (ISSN:03879984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.225-264, 1942 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

伊原 昭

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.57-98, 1974 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

加藤 常賢

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.93-134, 1957 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

斎藤 修

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.2, pp.203-234, 2022 (Released:2022-02-15)

参考文献数

57

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The historical interpretation of the British industrial revolution has undergone a significant change since the 1960s. The publication of British Economic Growth, 1688-1959 by P. Deane and W. A. Cole in 1962 marked an epoch by applying national accounting methods to eighteenth- and nineteenth-century historical data. Their stage-specific estimates of real gross domestic product (GDP) growth were thought to reflect the acceleration process of industrial and GDP growth in the c.1760-1830 period, during which a series of innovations are said to have revolutionised the scene of manufacturing. However, this interpretation was radically revised by Nick Crafts' 1985 book, British Economic Growth during the Industrial Revolution. With his estimates of slower rates of GDP growth and arguments derived from growth accounting analysis, it is suggested that the contribution of new technologies (such as steam engine) to output growth was surprisingly low, taking more time in harvesting the fruit of a general-purpose technology (GPT) than we tended to assume. The thesis of slow growth was reconfirmed by a 1992 joint-paper by Crafts and Knick Harley and the growth accounting scenario by Crafts' own 2018 book. (View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

著者

小山 敦子

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.75-82, 1961 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

久松 潜一

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.19-30, 1965 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

小西 甚一

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.97-118, 1960 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

芳賀 幸四郎

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.23-63, 1955 (Released:2007-05-30)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

苧阪 直行

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.135, 2016 (Released:2016-12-28)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

1

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Consciousness plays an essential role in high-level cognition, which includes a long list of tasks such as perception, language comprehension, self-recognition, representation of other's mind, mental operations, complex reasoning and problem solving. Despite its importance, the neural basis of consciousness have not yet been revealed. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an established technique for the study of neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) that involve high-level cognition by measuring cardiovascular responses. These works have indicated that the conscious mind emerges from the interaction of multiple neural networks. Among these networks, the working (executive) memory (WM) network coupled with the default mode network and dorsal attentional-network have been recently recognized to play a major role. We show evidences from cognitive social neuroscience experiments that indicate neural mechanisms supporting WM play a critical role in generating consciousness through executive functions such as updating, shifting and inhibiting incoming information. These executive works function in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex, with coordination across these and other brain areas being related to task dependent processes. WM's capacity limitation also plays a critical for active consciousness. Theoretical modeling of consciousness using graph theory, with which we can quantify large-scale networks of the brain, supports our WM-based consciousness. We propose a three-layered model of consciousness consisting of vigilance-, awareness-, and recursive-consciousness, which correspond to biological-, sensory-motor-, and self-consciousness, respectively. Among these layers, self-consciousness is likely critical for social interaction, which involves working together with other minds. Consistently, modular brain areas that bind multiple minds have been found in the medial PFC using fMRI. By introducing a false believe task, we confirmed high-level intentionality and meta-representation could also be involved in WM's executive function working on the dorsolateral PFC, which makes inference of another's mind possible.

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.87-94, 1949

著者

天皇陛下

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.127-140, 2007 (Released:2017-04-05)

著者

伊藤 誠

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.1, pp.79-99, 2021 (Released:2021-11-20)

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Japanese capitalism has formed a vicious circle among multiple socio-economic crises under neoliberalism. This paper reexamines the historical origin of these crises, their structural relations, and identify their core, fundamental issues. It will be shown also how three different types of natural disasters also deepen socio-economic crises, thereby endangering the metabolic reproduction of human lives and nature. How can we overcome such an age of deep crises? More than ever, it is indispensable to reconsider the historical significance and task of transforming neoliberal capitalism in the world and in Japan. (1) Six multiple crises in a structural, vicious circle The inflationary crisis of 1973-75 initiated a long downturn of Japanese capitalism. In addition to the excessive supply of currencies and credit in the process of transition from the Bretton Woods international monetary system to the floating exchange rates system, over-accumulation of industrial capital in relation to the limitation of flexible supply of both labor power within major capitalist economies and primary products such as crude oil in the world market inevitably caused sharp rises in wages and prices of primary products and squeezed profit rates as a fundamental factor behind the crisis. In this regard the inflationary crisis revealed anew the basic contradiction of capitalist economy in the commodification of labor power, together with the instability of credit mechanisms. (View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)