著者

速水 融

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.1-44, 2013

被引用文献数

1

著者

速水 融

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.285-309, 2008 (Released:2017-04-05)

著者

小室 栄一

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.75-129, 1959 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

中根 千枝

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.35-46, 1997

著者

太田 晶二郎

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.169-186, 1954 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

荒井 献

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.3, pp.173-187, 2010 (Released:2017-04-05)

著者

菊池 勇夫

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本学士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.p21-42, 1972-03

著者

Hirotsugu OGI

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.9, pp.401-417, 2013-11-11 (Released:2013-11-11)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

13 54

---

The mass sensitivity of quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) was drastically improved by removing electrodes and wires attached on the quartz surfaces. Instead of wire connections, intended vibrations of quartz oscillators were excited and detected by antennas through electromagnetic waves. This noncontacting measurement is the key for ultrahigh-sensitive detection of proteins in liquids as well as quantitative measurements. This review shows the principle of wireless QCMs, their applications to studying interactions among biomolecules and aggregation reactions of amyloid β peptides, and the next-generation MEMS QCM, the resonance acoustic microbalance with naked embedded quartz (RAMNE-Q).(Communicated by Shun-ichi IWASAKI, M.J.A.)

著者

Kazuhide INOUE

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.4, pp.174-182, 2017-04-11 (Released:2017-04-11)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

35

---

Nerve injury often causes debilitating chronic pain, referred to as neuropathic pain, which is refractory to currently available analgesics including morphine. Many reports indicate that activated spinal microglia evoke neuropathic pain. The P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), a subtype of ionotropic ATP receptors, is upregulated in spinal microglia after nerve injury by several factors, including CC chemokine receptor CCR2, the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin in the spinal cord, interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) and IRF5. Inhibition of P2X4R function suppresses neuropathic pain, indicating that microglial P2X4R play a key role in evoking neuropathic pain.

著者

山中 裕

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.151-189, 1977 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

Takanori NAKANO

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.6, pp.167-184, 2016-06-10 (Released:2016-06-10)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

32

---

The ratios of stable isotopes of certain elements in rocks and minerals have strong regional characteristics that are reflected in atmospheric components, in water, and in the living organisms that form Earth’s surface environment as well as in agricultural and fishery products. Geologically derived stable isotope ratios can be used as a tracer for the source of many kinds of substances, with current geochemical techniques allowing the precise determination of numerous stable isotope ratios in both natural and manmade objects. This review presents examples of the use of stable isotopes as tracers within diverse dynamic ecosystems, focusing on Sr isotopes but also including examples of Nd and Pb isotopic analysis, and reviewing the potential of this technique for a wide range of environmental research, including determining the geographic origin of food and archeological materials.

著者

古畑 種基 盧 國義

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2-3, pp.189-193, 1948 (Released:2007-05-30)

参考文献数

25

著者

Takaaki KAJITA

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.4, pp.303-321, 2010 (Released:2010-04-19)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2 14 2

---

Neutrino oscillation was discovered through studies of neutrinos produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere. These neutrinos are called atmospheric neutrinos. They are produced as decay products in hadronic showers resulting from collisions of cosmic rays with nuclei in the atmosphere. Electron-neutrinos and muon-neutrinos are produced mainly by the decay chain of charged pions to muons to electrons. Atmospheric neutrino experiments observed zenith-angle and energy dependent deficit of muon-neutrino events. Neutrino oscillations between muon-neutrinos and tau-neutrinos explain these data well. Neutrino oscillations imply that neutrinos have small but non-zero masses. The small neutrino masses have profound implications to our understanding of elementary particle physics and the Universe. This article discusses the experimental discovery of neutrino oscillations.(Communicated by Masatoshi KOSHIBA, M.J.A.)

著者

藤田 東一郎

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.91-115, 1948 (Released:2007-05-30)

著者

Kuniteru MATSUMARU

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.4, pp.115-118, 1981 (Released:2006-10-06)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

3 5

著者

Konrad SANDHOFF

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.10, pp.554-582, 2012-12-11 (Released:2012-12-11)

参考文献数

261

被引用文献数

10 33

---

Analysis of lipid storage in postmortem brains of patients with amaurotic idiocy led to the recognition of five lysosomal ganglioside storage diseases and identification of their inherited metabolic blocks. Purification of lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase and ceramidase and analysis of their gene structures were the prerequisites for the clarification of Niemann-Pick and Farber disease. For lipid catabolism, intraendosomal vesicles are formed during the endocytotic pathway. They are subjected to lipid sorting processes and were identified as luminal platforms for cellular lipid and membrane degradation. Lipid binding glycoproteins solubilize lipids from these cholesterol poor membranes and present them to water-soluble hydrolases for digestion. Biosynthesis and intracellular trafficking of lysosomal hydrolases (hexosaminidases, acid sphingomyelinase and ceramidase) and lipid binding and transfer proteins (GM2 activator, saposins) were analyzed to identify the molecular and metabolic basis of several sphingolipidoses. Studies on the biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids yielded the scheme of Combinatorial Ganglioside Biosynthesis involving promiscuous glycosyltransferases. Their defects in mutagenized mice impair brain development and function.(Communicated by Kunihiko SUZUKI, M.J.A.)

著者

Kunio IWATSUKI

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.8, pp.275-286, 2008-10-30 (Released:2008-10-15)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2 10

---

The history of the Red List of Japanese vascular plants is briefly reviewed for editing and research. Especially on the results of recent monitoring, the present status of information and conservation activities on the endangered plants in Japan is discussed and the dynamics of the Japanese flora are taken up, in relation to basic research on plant biodiversity on the Japanese Archipelago. The figures of endangered plants are not very variable during the past quarter of a century, but we can surmise that the conservation of threatened species in Japan has been promoted to some extent. Based on the results of such a study, proposals are made to contribute to the sustainable use of plant biodiversity on the Japanese Archipelago under a global conspectus.(Communicated by Satohiko SASAKI, M.J.A.)

著者

水田 洋

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.203-248, 2014

著者

Hiroshi SHINOKUBO

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.1, pp.1-11, 2014-01-10 (Released:2014-01-31)

参考文献数

98

被引用文献数

12 30

---

Borylated functional π-systems are useful building blocks to enable efficient synthesis of novel molecular architectures with beautiful structures, intriguing properties and unique functions. Introduction of boronic ester substituents to a variety of extended π-systems can be achieved through either iridium-catalyzed direct C–H borylation or the two-step procedure via electrophilic halogenation followed by palladium-catalyzed borylation. This review article focuses on our recent progress on borylation of large π-conjugated systems such as porphyrins, perylene bisimides, hexabenzocoronenes and dipyrrins.

著者

根岸 隆

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.61-74, 2013-02