著者

Masataka Nobuo Hayakawa Sachiko Kawai Nobuyuki

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PloS one (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.11, 2010-11

被引用文献数

2

---

Humans as well as some nonhuman primates have an evolved predisposition to associate snakes with fear by detecting their presence as fear-relevant stimuli more rapidly than fear-irrelevant ones. In the present experiment, a total of 74 of 3- to 4-year-old children and adults were asked to find a single target black-and-white photo of a snake among an array of eight black-and-white photos of flowers as distracters. As target stimuli, we prepared two groups of snake photos, one in which a typical striking posture was displayed by a snake and the other in which a resting snake was shown. When reaction time to find the snake photo was compared between these two types of the stimuli, its mean value was found to be significantly smaller for the photos of snakes displaying striking posture than for the photos of resting snakes in both the adults and children. These findings suggest the possibility that the human perceptual bias for snakes per se could be differentiated according to the difference of the degree to which their presence acts as a fear-relevant stimulus.

著者

Soji Kotaro Doi Shigehiro Nakashima Ayumu Sasaki Kensuke Doi Toshiki Masaki Takao

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PLoS ONE (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.8, 2018-08-16

---

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) remove ubiquitin from their substrates and, together with ubiquitin ligases, play an important role in the regulation of protein expression. Although transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-Smad signaling is a central pathway of renal fibrosis, the role of DUBs in the expression of TGF-β receptors and Smads during the development of renal fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether PR-619, a pan-DUB inhibitor, suppresses fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and TGF-β1-stimulated normal rat kidney (NRK)-49F cells, a rat renal fibroblast cell line. Either the vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide) or PR-619 (100 μg) was intraperitoneally administered to mice after UUO induction once a day for 7 days. Administration of PR-619 attenuated renal fibrosis with downregulation of mesenchymal markers, extracellular matrix proteins, matrix metalloproteinases, apoptosis, macrophage infiltration, and the TGF-β1 mRNA level in UUO mice. Although type I TGF-β receptor (TGF-βRI), Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 protein expression levels were markedly increased in mice with UUO, administration of PR-619 suppressed only Smad4 expression but not TGF-βRI, Smad2, or Smad3 expression. PR-619 also had an inhibitory effect on TGF-β1-induced α-smooth muscle actin expression and reduced Smad4 levels in NRK-49F cells. Our results indicate that PR-619 ameliorates renal fibrosis, which is accompanied by the reduction of Smad4 expression.This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP16K09618 (https://www.jsps.go.jp/j-grantsinaid/).

出版者

Public Library of Science

巻号頁・発行日

2003

出版者

Public Library of Science

巻号頁・発行日

2003

出版者

Public Library of Science

巻号頁・発行日

2005

出版者

Public Library of Science

巻号頁・発行日

2005

出版者

Public Library of Science

巻号頁・発行日

2005

著者

Imada Yume Kato Makoto

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PLOS ONE (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.11, 2016-11-03

被引用文献数

6

---

風変わりな口器は葉潜りに合わせて進化した : 植物食の新しい方法を発見. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2016-11-16.

著者

Kawahara Ai An Gi-Hong Miyakawa Sachie Sonoda Jun Ezawa Tatsuhiro

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PLOS ONE (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.10, pp.e0165035, 2016-08-18

被引用文献数

21

---

Soil acidity is a major constraint on plant productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi support plant colonization in acidic soil, but soil acidity also constrains fungal growth and diversity. Fungi in extreme environments generally evolve towards specialists, suggesting that AM fungi in acidic soil are acidic-soil specialists. In our previous surveys, however, some AM fungi detected in strongly acidic soils could also be detected in a soil with moderate pH, which raised a hypothesis that the fungi in acidic soils are pH generalists. To test the hypothesis, we conducted a pH-manipulation experiment and also analyzed AM fungal distribution along a pH gradient in the field using a synthesized dataset of the previous and recent surveys. Rhizosphere soils of the generalist plant Miscanthus sinensis were collected both from a neutral soil and an acidic soil, and M. sinensis seedlings were grown at three different pH. For the analysis of field communities, rhizosphere soils of M. sinensis were collected from six field sites across Japan, which covered a soil pH range of 3.0±7.4, and subjected to soil trap culture. AM fungal community compositions were determined based on LSU rDNA sequences. In the pH-manipulation experiment the acidification of medium had a significant impact on the compositions of the community from the neutral soil, but the neutralization of the medium had no effect on those of the community from the acidic soil. Furthermore, the communities in lower -pH soils were subsets of (nested in) those in higher-pH soils. In the field communities a significant nestedness pattern was observed along the pH gradient. These observations suggest that the fungi in strongly acidic soils are pH generalists that occur not only in acidic soil but also in wide ranges of soil pH. Nestedness in AM fungal community along pH gradients may have important implications for plant community resilience and early primary succession after disturbance in acidic soils.

著者

Morimoto Chie Manabe Sho Kawaguchi Takahisa Kawai Chihiro Fujimoto Shuntaro Hamano Yuya Yamada Ryo Matsuda Fumihiko Tamaki Keiji

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PLOS ONE (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.7, 2016-07-29

被引用文献数

13

---

DNAで「またいとこ」がわかる : 新しい血縁判定法の開発. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2016-08-10.

著者

Okuda Hiroko Noguchi Atsuko Kobayashi Hatasu Kondo Daiki Harada Kouji H Youssefian Shohab Shioi Hirotomo Kabata Risako Domon Yuki Kubota Kazufumi Kitano Yutaka Takayama Yasunori Hitomi Toshiaki Ohno Kousaku Saito Yoshiaki Asano Takeshi Tominaga Makoto Takahashi Tsutomu Koizumi Akio

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PLOS ONE (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.5, 2016-05-25

被引用文献数

36

---

乳幼児期に特異的な手足の痛み発作を起こす病気を見つけ原因を解明 -この病気を小児四肢疼痛発作症と命名-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2016-05-27.

著者

Takayasu Misako Sato Kazuya Sano Yukie Yamada Kenta Miura Wataru Takayasu Hideki

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PLoS ONE (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.4, 2015-04

被引用文献数

93

---

We focus on Internet rumors and present an empirical analysis and simulation results of their diffusion and convergence during emergencies. In particular, we study one rumor that appeared in the immediate aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, which later turned out to be misinformation. By investigating whole Japanese tweets that were sent one week after the quake, we show that one correction tweet, which originated from a city hall account, diffused enormously. We also demonstrate a stochastic agent-based model, which is inspired by contagion model of epidemics SIR, can reproduce observed rumor dynamics. Our model can estimate the rumor infection rate as well as the number of people who still believe in the rumor that cannot be observed directly. For applications, rumor diffusion sizes can be estimated in various scenarios by combining our model with the real data.

著者

Uemura Norihito Koike Masato Ansai Satoshi Kinoshita Masato Ishikawa-Fujiwara Tomoko Matsui Hideaki Naruse Kiyoshi Sakamoto Naoaki Uchiyama Yasuo Todo Takeshi Takeda Shunichi Yamakado Hodaka Takahashi Ryosuke

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PLOS genetics (ISSN:15537404)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.4, 2015-04-02

被引用文献数

59

---

パーキンソン病の解明に役立つメダカの作製に成功 -メダカが神経変性疾患の研究に貢献できる可能性- 京都大学プレスリリース. 2015-04-09.Homozygous mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene result in Gaucher disease (GD), the most common lysosomal storage disease. Recent genetic studies have revealed that GBA mutations confer a strong risk for sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). To investigate how GBA mutations cause PD, we generated GBA nonsense mutant (GBA-/-) medaka that are completely deficient in glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity. In contrast to the perinatal death in humans and mice lacking GCase activity, GBA-/- medaka survived for months, enabling analysis of the pathological progression. GBA-/- medaka displayed the pathological phenotypes resembling human neuronopathic GD including infiltration of Gaucher cell-like cells into the brains, progressive neuronal loss, and microgliosis. Detailed pathological findings represented lysosomal abnormalities in neurons and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation in axonal swellings containing autophagosomes. Unexpectedly, disruption of α-syn did not improve the life span, formation of axonal swellings, neuronal loss, or neuroinflammation in GBA-/- medaka. Taken together, the present study revealed GBA-/- medaka as a novel neuronopathic GD model, the pahological mechanisms of α-syn accumulation caused by GCase deficiency, and the minimal contribution of α-syn to the pathogenesis of neuronopathic GD.

著者

Tsuji Yamato

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PLoS ONE (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.10, 2014-10-01

被引用文献数

8

---

森にタネをまくニホンザルの役割は、年によって変化する. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-10-02.

著者

Kret Mariska E. Tomonaga Masaki Matsuzawa Tetsuro

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PloS one (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.8, 2014-08-20

被引用文献数

70

---

チンパンジーもヒトも瞳の変化に敏感 -ヒトとチンパンジーに共通の情動認知過程を非侵襲の視線追従装置で解明-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-08-21.

著者

Kawakami Ryosuke Dobi Alice Shigemoto Ryuichi Ito Isao

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PLoS ONE (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3, 2008-04-16

---

Left-right (L-R) asymmetry is a fundamental feature of higher-order neural function. However, the molecular basis of brain asymmetry remains unclear. We recently reported L-R asymmetry of hippocampal circuitry caused by differential allocation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluRε2 (NR2B) in hippocampal synapses. Using electrophysiology and immunocytochemistry, here we analyzed the hippocampal circuitry of the inversus viscerum (iv) mouse that has a randomized laterality of internal organs. The iv mouse hippocampus lacks L-R asymmetry, it exhibits right isomerism in the synaptic distribution of the ε2 subunit, irrespective of the laterality of visceral organs. This independent right isomerism of the hippocampus is the first evidence that a distinct mechanism downstream of the iv mutation generates brain asymmetry.

著者

Ueda Sayoko Kumagai Gaku Otaki Yusuke Yamaguchi Shinya Kohshima Shiro

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PloS one (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, 2014-06-11

被引用文献数

23

---

オオカミは目で語る? -視線を使ったコミュニケーションの可能性-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-06-12.

著者

Tsugawa Sho Ohsaki Hiroyuki

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PLoS ONE (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.12, pp.e81727, 2013-12

被引用文献数

5 3

---

Research on link prediction for social networks has been actively pursued. In link prediction for a given social network obtained from time-windowed observation, new link formation in the network is predicted from the topology of the obtained network. In contrast, recent advances in sensing technology have made it possible to obtain face-to-face behavioral networks, which are social networks representing face-to-face interactions among people. However, the effectiveness of link prediction techniques for face-to-face behavioral networks has not yet been explored in depth. To clarify this point, here we investigate the accuracy of conventional link prediction techniques for networks obtained from the history of face-to-face interactions among participants at an academic conference. Our findings were (1) that conventional link prediction techniques predict new link formation with a precision of 0.30–0.45 and a recall of 0.10–0.20, (2) that prolonged observation of social networks often degrades the prediction accuracy, (3) that the proposed decaying weight method leads to higher prediction accuracy than can be achieved by observing all records of communication and simply using them unmodified, and (4) that the prediction accuracy for face-to-face behavioral networks is relatively high compared to that for non-social networks, but not as high as for other types of social networks.

著者

Kuwayama Hidekazu Miyanaga Yukihiro Urushihara Hideko Ueda Masahiro

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PLoS ONE (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.12, pp.e81811, 2013-12

被引用文献数

5

---

Background:The life-cycle of cellular slime molds comprises chronobiologically regulated processes. During the growth phase, the amoeboid cells proliferate at a definite rate. Upon starvation, they synthesize cAMP as both first and second messengers in signalling pathways and form aggregates, migrating slugs, and fruiting bodies, consisting of spores and stalk cells, within 24 h. In Dictyostelium discoideum, because most growth-specific events cease during development, proliferative and heterochronic mutations are not considered to be interrelated and no genetic factor governing the entire life-cycle duration has ever been identified.Methodology/Principal Findings:Using yeast 2-hybrid library screening, we isolated a Dictyostelium discoideum RabGAP, Dd Rbg-3, as a candidate molecule by which the Dictyostelium Gα2 subunit directs its effects. Rab GTPase-activating protein, RabGAP, acts as a negative regulator of Rab small GTPases, which orchestrate the intracellular membrane trafficking involved in cell proliferation. Deletion mutants of Dd rbg-3 exhibited an increased growth rate and a shortened developmental period, while an overexpression mutant demonstrated the opposite effects. We also show that Dd Rbg-3 interacts with 2 Gα subunits in an activity-dependent manner in vitro. Furthermore, both human and Caenorhabditis elegans rbg-3 homologs complemented the Dd rbg-3–deletion phenotype in D. discoideum, indicating that similar pathways may be generally conserved in multicellular organisms.Conclusions/Significance:Our findings suggest that Dd Rbg-3 acts as a key element regulating the duration of D. discoideum life-span potentially via trimeric G-protein cascades.

著者

Sasaoka Norio Sakamoto Megumi Kanemori Shoko Kan Michiru Tsukano Chihiro Takemoto Yoshiji Kakizuka Akira

出版者

Public Library of Science

雑誌

PloS one (ISSN:19326203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, 2014-01-29

被引用文献数

22

---

ホップ抽出物でアルツハイマー病の発症を抑えることに成功 -認知症の発症と進行の予防につながると期待-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-01-30.