著者

脇田 彩

出版者

SHAKAIGAKU KENKYUKAI

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.3-18,134, 2012

---

This study examines gender neutrality in occupational prestige scores focusing on gender information of people whose occupations are evaluated by respondents. In this study, a survey was conducted in which student respondents were asked to evaluate56 occupations with the gender of the incumbents specified, the male and female occupational prestige scores were calculated based on the respondents' evaluations. The analysis produced three findings regarding the effects of the evaluated persons' gender information on their occupational prestige scores. First, there is little difference between male and female average occupational prestige scores. Second, both male and female occupational prestige scores computed from the respondents correlate strongly with the occupational prestige scores from the 1995 social stratification and social mobility (SSM) survey, in which the gender of occupational incumbents was not specified. Third, in the occupations with higher percentages of female workers, female occupational prestige scores tend to be higher than male scores. Two important results were obtained regarding the gender neutrality of occupational prestige scores. First, regardless of gender information, the occupational prestige score provides a stable index of social status. Second, for occupations with a large female workforce, the occupational prestige score's gender neutrality may not be reliably assumed because people whose occupations fit the stereotypes of their gender are evaluated higher than those people of a different gender in the same occupations. To confirm these results, a larger survey of respondents with diverse characteristics is required to clarify how gender information influences the evaluation of people, and to explain in detail the relationship between gender and occupational prestige scores.

著者

藤原 信行

出版者

SHAKAIGAKU KENKYUKAI

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.125-140, 2012

著者

岩谷 洋史

出版者

SHAKAIGAKU KENKYUKAI

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.55-72,199, 2008

---

This article focuses on the everyday practices of kurabito, the Japanese Sake manufacturers, in a sakagura, a small-scale brewery, in Kansai, Japan. Particular attention is paid to the action of inscribing ― "writing," "marking" or "curving"- at various places in the brewery. Data for this study was collected through participant observation at the brewery in the seven years since 2001. I will suggest that the technology of inscribing is indispensable to contemporary Japanese Sake brewing. Every day, many and various inscriptions are produced by the kurabito in the brewery. Utilizing them, the kurabito are able to visualize the brewing itself, and to make it understandable to themselves. These inscriptions are important tools in the process of making Sake. In fact it can be said that they are embedded in the situation. Moreover, I point out that these practices also construct a community of the kurabito in the workplace. Understanding such things, we cannot simply think that Sake brewing is a result of the expression and realization of the knowledge of brewing, which it is assumed are internalized deeply in the workers' bodies. Rather, we find that Sake brewing is carried out through successive negotiations, which are restrained socially and physically, between the workers' bodies and the materials through these tools.

著者

磯 直樹

出版者

SHAKAIGAKU KENKYUKAI

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.37-53,200, 2008

---

In this paper I will first introduce Bourdieu's idea of field, a network, or configuration, of objective relations between positions. Then I will show how it integrates theory and empirical research. In the history of Sociology, the relationship between theory and empirical research has been a grand theme, and Bourdieu was committed to integrating the two throughout his career. I will also examine the work of Blumer, an important predecessor to Bourdieu. While both his "sensitizing concept" and his "definitive concept" have limits, Bourdieu's "open concepts" which include habitus, capital and field have more possibilities and significances than Blumer's. The field is a social sphere which has a limit around itself and each has its own rules within. For Bourdieu, the field is considered together with habitus and capital, and also as a part of his theory of practice. The concept of field enables us to analyze social phenomena for which we have lacked a theoretical framework. We can also use the concept of field to relate and integrate differentempirical research. One example can be found in the study of social difference. Bourdieu's sociology makes sense in combination with the works of other sociologists because it owes so much to them. We should ask the question "Bourdieu and what else?" rather than think in terms of a dichotomy such as "Bourdieu or not." This will lead to a productive discussion.

著者

桶川 泰

出版者

SHAKAIGAKU KENKYUKAI

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.155-171, 2008