- 著者
- Mori Chihiro Wada Kazuhiro
- 出版者
- Society for Neuroscience
- 雑誌
- Journal of Neuroscience (ISSN:02706474)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.35, no.3, pp.878-889, 2015-01-21
- 被引用文献数
- 31
Complex learned behavior is influenced throughout development by both genetic and environmental factors. Birdsong, like human speech, is a complex vocal behavior acquired through sensorimotor learning and is based on coordinated auditory input and vocal output to mimic tutor song. Song is primarily learned during a specific developmental stage called the critical period. Although auditory input is crucial for acquiring complex vocal patterns, its exact role in neural circuit maturation for vocal learning and production is not well understood. Using audition-deprived songbirds, we examined whether auditory experience affects developmental gene expression in the major elements of neural circuits that mediate vocal learning and production. Compared with intact zebra finches, early-deafened zebra finches showed excessively delayed vocal development, but their songs eventually crystallized. In contrast to the different rates of song development between the intact and deafened birds, developmental gene expression in the motor circuit is conserved in an agedependent manner from the juvenile stage until the older adult stage, even in the deafened birds, which indicates the auditionindependent robustness of gene expression dynamics during development. Furthermore, even after adult deafening, which degrades crystallized song, the deteriorated songs ultimately restabilized at the same point when the early-deafened birds stabilized their songs. These results indicate a genetic program-associated inevitable termination of vocal plasticity that results in audition-independent vocal crystallization.
- 著者
- Haraguchi Kayo Kawamoto Ai Isami Kouichi Maeda Sanae Kusano Ayaka Asakura Kayoko Shirakawa Hisashi Mori Yasuo Nakagawa Takayuki Kaneko Shuji
- 出版者
- Society for Neuroscience
- 雑誌
- The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (ISSN:15292401)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.32, no.11, pp.3931-3941, 2012-03-14
- 被引用文献数
- 157
慢性痛の原因となる神経炎症応答の増悪機構を解明-新しい鎮痛薬開発の可能性-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2012-03-15.
- 著者
- Abe N. Greene J. D.
- 出版者
- Society for Neuroscience
- 雑誌
- Journal of Neuroscience (ISSN:02706474)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.34, no.32, pp.10564-10572, 2014-08-06
どうして正直者と嘘つきがいるのか? -脳活動からその原因を解明-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-08-06.This study examines the cognitive and neural determinants of honesty and dishonesty. Human subjects undergoing fMRI completed a monetary incentive delay task eliciting responses to anticipated reward in the nucleus accumbens. Subjects next performed an incentivized prediction task, giving them real and repeated opportunities for dishonest gain. Subjects attempted to predict the outcomes of random computerized coin-flips and were financially rewarded for accuracy. In some trials, subjects were rewarded based on self-reported accuracy, allowing them to gain money dishonestly by lying. Dishonest behavior was indexed by improbably high levels of self-reported accuracy. Nucleus accumbens response in the first task, involving only honest rewards, accounted for ∼25% of the variance in dishonest behavior in the prediction task. Individuals showing relatively strong nucleus accumbens responses to anticipated reward also exhibited increased dorsolateral prefrontal activity (bilateral) in response to opportunities for dishonest gain. These results address two hypotheses concerning (dis)honesty. According to the "Will" hypothesis, honesty results from the active deployment of self-control. According to the "Grace" hypothesis, honesty flows more automatically. The present results suggest a reconciliation between these two hypotheses while explaining (dis)honesty in terms of more basic neural mechanisms: relatively weak responses to anticipated rewards make people morally "Graceful," but individuals who respond more strongly may resist temptation by force of Will.
- 著者
- Abe N. Greene J. D.
- 出版者
- Society for Neuroscience
- 雑誌
- Journal of Neuroscience (ISSN:02706474)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.34, no.32, pp.10564-10572, 2014-08-06
- 被引用文献数
- 69
どうして正直者と嘘つきがいるのか? -脳活動からその原因を解明-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-08-06.
- 著者
- Ichikawa Ryoichi Yamasaki Miwako Miyazaki Taisuke Konno Kohtarou Hashimoto Kouichi Tatsumi Haruyuki Inoue Yoshiro Kano Masanobu Watanabe Masahiko
- 出版者
- Society for Neuroscience
- 雑誌
- The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (ISSN:15292401)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.31, no.47, pp.16916-16927, 2011-11-23
- 被引用文献数
- 50
In early postnatal development, perisomatic innervation of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) switches from glutamatergic climbing fibers (CFs) to GABAergic basket cell fibers (BFs). Here we examined the switching process in C57BL/6 mice. At postnatal day 7 (P7), most perisomatic synapses were formed by CFs on to somatic spines. The density of CF-spine synapses peaked at P9, when pericellular nest around PCs by CFs was most developed, and CF-spine synapses constituted 88% of the total perisomatic synapses. Thereafter, CF-spine synapses dropped to 63% at P12, 6% at P15, and <1% at P20, whereas BF synapses increased reciprocally. During the switching period, a substantial number of BF synapses existed as BF-spine synapses (37% of the total perisomatic synapses at P15), and free spines surrounded by BFs or Bergmann glia also emerged. By P20, BF-spine synapses and free spines virtually disappeared, and BF-soma synapses became predominant (88%), thus attaining the adult pattern of perisomatic innervation. Parallel with the presynaptic switching, postsynaptic receptor phenotype also switched from glutamatergic to GABAergic. In the active switching period, particularly at P12, fragmental clusters of AMPA-type glutamate receptor were juxtaposed with those of GABA(A) receptor. When examined with serial ultrathin sections, immunogold labeling for glutamate and GABA(A) receptors was often clustered beneath single BF terminals. These results suggest that a considerable fraction of somatic spines is succeeded from CFs to BFs and Bergmann glia in the early postnatal period, and that the switching of postsynaptic receptor phenotypes mainly proceeds under the coverage of BF terminals.