著者

HISANORI MINAKAMI Kozo KIMURA KUNIHIKO IJIMA TARO TAMADA

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrinologia Japonica (ISSN:00137219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.645-651, 1985 (Released:2011-01-25)

参考文献数

35

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Although estrogen is known to stimulate the secretion of prolactin, there are only slight differences between the prolactin levels in the follicular and luteal phases in normal women. To test the hypothesis that progesterone is involved in the regulation of prolactin release, 50mg of progesterone was administered intramuscularly at 0600h to twelve hypogonadal women and blood samples were obtained at 15min intervals between 1500 and 2000h to determine the prolactin levels. The day before progesterone treatment, control blood samples were obtained at 15 min intervals between 1500 and 2000h. The serum progesterone levels were 28.7±4.1ng/ml at 1500h, 24.2±3.5ng/ml at 1730h and 21.3±2.9ng/ml (mean±SD) at 2000h. In eight of twelve hypogonadal women, progesterone lowered circulating prolactin levels significantly. These results indicate that a high level of progesterone in the luteal phase may partly block estrogen-induced prolactin release physiologically.

著者

Toru TAKANO

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.6, pp.509-515, 2004 (Released:2005-01-12)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

19 20

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Since the 1980s, cancer cells have been considered to be generated from well-differentiated benign cells by transformation caused by accumulating damage in their genomes. However, recent progress in gene expression analysis in thyroid malignancies has raised the possibility of another model of thyroid carcinogenesis. We propose a novel hypothesis of thyroid carcinogenesis, the fetal cell carcinogenesis hypothesis, in which cancer cells are derived from the remnants of fetal thyroid cells, instead of from normal thyroid follicular cells. This hypothesis explains well the clinical and biological features and recent molecular evidence of thyroid carcinoma. It suggests the importance of clarifying the molecular mechanism of thyroid development and the identification of fetal thyroid cells such as thyroid stem cells (TSCs), since such data will lead to a better understanding of thyroid carcinogenesis and thyroid regeneration.

著者

Lixiang Wang Yingping Deng

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.9, pp.893-902, 2020 (Released:2020-09-28)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

7 9

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Androgen regulates the function of lacrimal and meibomian glands, and its deficiency is a pathological factor underlying dry eye disease (DED). However, no androgen has been approved for treating DED due to lack of definite evidence regarding its efficacy and safety in clinics. In this systematic review, we have summarized the clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of androgen replacement therapy (ART) for DED. Medline (via Pubmed), Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov, Wanfang and Chinese Clinical Trials Registry Database were searched for the relevant prospective studies, and 7 studies wherein androgen was applied topically via eye drops or systemically via oral or transdermal administration were included. The quality of these studies was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias and methodological index for non-randomized studies. Most studies showed that androgen effectively improved dry eye-related symptoms and increased tear secretion. Furthermore, elderly men and peri-menopausal women with lower levels of circulating androgens responded better to ART. However, one study involving patients with Sjögren’s syndrome showed no improvement in the ART group compared to the placebo control, or to the baseline level. Adverse effects were also common but limited to mild skin problems. In conclusion, androgen is a potential treatment for dry eye disease, especially for people with primary androgen deficiency. Short-term application is relatively safe.

著者

KEIICHI KAMIJO

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.19-23, 1994 (Released:2006-11-21)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

9 14

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The purpose of the present study is to investigate by a computed tomography (CT) thyroid CT number (Hounsfield units; H.U.) in chronic thyroiditis (CH).The correlation of the CT value with the concentration of KI solution in the test tube of thyroid phantom for thyroid scintigram was linear. No significant correlation between thyroid CT number and the urinary iodine concentration was also observed in 36 patients with CH. A mean thyroid CT number (±SD) of 81±24 H.U. in 155 patients with CH was significantly (P<0.001) lower than 125±18 H.U. in 95 normal subjects. The patients with CH could be arbitrarily divided into 3 groups according to the decrease in their thyroid CT number: normal (N) group (_??_88 H.U.), moderately decreased (MD) group (70-87 H.U.) and the greately decreased (GD) group (<70 H.U.). There was a significant difference in the thyroid volume among 21.2±9.1cm3 in the N group, 32.2±18.1 in the MD group (P<0.05 vs. N group) and 43.6±23.3 in the GD group (P<0.01 vs. N and MD group). The mean serum TSH concentration of 38.95±54.61μU/ml in the SD group was significantly (P<0.01) higher than either 4.11±3.64 in the MD group or 2.00±1.43 in the N group. The serum TSH level in the MD group differed significantly (P<0.05) from that of the N group.Hypothyroidism characterized by low serum FT4 (<0.8ng/dl) and very high serum TSH was observed in none in the N group, in 2 (7.1%) of 28 cases in the MD group and in 16 (33.3%) of 48 cases in the GD group. And latent hypothyroidism characterized by an increase in serum TSH levels (_??_5μU/ml) and normal concentrations of thyroid hormones was found in 2 (5.1%) of 39 cases in the N group, 5 (17.9%) in the MD group and 16 (33.3%) of the GD group. There was a significant (P<0.005) difference in multiple chi-square analysis in the comparison between the GD group and the N group or MD group. The frequency of higher titers of antimicrosomal Ab and antithyroglobulin Ab seemed to be correlated with the amount of decrease in the thyroid CT number. In conclusion, there was a significant correlation between the thyroid CT number and the severity of chronic thyroiditis.

著者

KEIICHI KAMIJO

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.25-30, 1994 (Released:2006-11-21)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

6 7

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate by a computed tomography (CT) the Hounsfield unit (H.U.) of the thyroid in hyperthyroid and euthyroid Graves' disease and destructive thyrotoxicosis.The mean thyroid CT number in 95 controls was 122±18 H.U. (±SD) and did not change significantly with advancing age. The mean thyroid CT number (±SD) of 85±22 H.U. in 60 patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease was significantly (P <0.001) lower than either in normal controls or 116± 22 H.U. in 11 patients with euthyroid Graves' disease (P<0.001). Comparison of thyroid hormones and TSH receptor Ab values of untreated patients with a normal and an abnormally low thyroid CT number showed that serum total and free T3 were significantly (P <0.05) higher in the latter group than in the former group. With respect to the effect of methimazol (MMI) on the thyroid CT number, in the untreated 10 patients with a low thyroid CT number, the initial mean CT number was 65±11 H.U. and increased significantly (P<0.05) to 76± 14 H.U. after treatment with MMI. In contrast, in 6 patients with a normal thyroid CT number prior to therapy, the initial mean thyroid CT number was 102±11 H.U. and fell significantly (P<0.05) to 84±16 H.U. after treatment with MMI.The thyroid CT number in destructive thyrotoxicosis is markedly decreased to less than 70 H.U. and the mean values of 57±7 H.U. in 6 patients with silent thyroiditis and of 61±5 H.U. in 7 with subacute thyroiditis differ significantly (P<0.001) from Graves' disease. In conclusion, the thyroid CT number is significantly reduced in hyperthyroid Graves' disease, normal in euthyroid Graves' disease and markedly decreased in destructive thyrotoxicosis. The high T3 value seemed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of a decline in the thyroid CT number in Graves' disease. An antithyroid drug therapy caused two different changes in the thyroid CT number, depending on whether the thyroid CT number prior to therapy was normal or low.

著者

Yujiro Nakano Chikara Komiya Hitomi Shimizu Hiroyuki Mishima Kumiko Shiba Kazutaka Tsujimoto Kenji Ikeda Kenichi Kashimada Sumito Dateki Koh-ichiro Yoshiura Yoshihiro Ogawa Tetsuya Yamada

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.11, pp.1099-1105, 2020 (Released:2020-11-28)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

3 3

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Sitosterolemia is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous gene mutations in either ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 5 (ABCG5) or 8 (ABCG8). Since ABCG5 and ABCG8 play pivotal roles in the excretion of neutral sterols into feces and bile, patients with sitosterolemia present elevated levels of serum plant sterols and in some cases also hypercholesterolemia. A 48-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for hypercholesterolemia. She had been misdiagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia at the age of 20 and her serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels had remained about 200–300 mg/dL at the former clinic. Although the treatment of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors was ineffective, her serum LDL-C levels were normalized by ezetimibe, a cholesterol transporter inhibitor. We noticed that her serum sitosterol and campesterol levels were relatively high. Targeted analysis sequencing identified a novel heterozygous ABCG5 variant (c.203A>T; p.Ile68Asn) in the patient, whereas no mutations were found in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), or Niemann-Pick C1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1L1). While sitosterolemia is a rare disease, a recent study has reported that the incidence of loss-of-function mutation in the ABCG5 or ABCG8 gene is higher than we thought at 1 in 220 individuals. The present case suggests that serum plant sterol levels should be examined and ezetimibe treatment should be considered in patients with hypercholesterolemia who are resistant to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

著者

Takeshi Oyanagi Yukiyoshi Sada Yosuke Sasaki Masakatsu Sone Yasushi Tanaka

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ23-0022, (Released:2023-06-30)

被引用文献数

3

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The age-dependent decrease in muscle mass and function is known as sarcopenia. The risk of sarcopenia is higher in patients with diabetes, and assessment of muscle mass and function is especially important in patients with diabetes. Recent reports suggest that the phase angle (PhA), which is obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), may be a good marker of not only muscle mass but also muscle function in healthy people. However, the clinical significance of PhA in patients with diabetes has not been fully investigated. Therefore, we evaluated the association of PhA with muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in 159 patients with type 2 diabetes (male 102; female 57) aged 40 to 89 years. We measured PhA and appendicular skeletal muscle index (SMI) by BIA and handgrip and leg extension strength and performed the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). In a simple correlation analysis, both right and left PhA correlated with SMI, handgrip and leg extension strength, and SPPB score, and in multiple regression analysis, PhA on each side correlated with SMI and ipsilateral handgrip strength. These data suggest that PhA may be a useful marker of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in patients with type 2 diabetes. A large-scale prospective study should be performed to confirm the results and clarify the clinical usefulness of PhA in patients with diabetes.

著者

Keiko Nagata Kazuhiko Hayashi Keisuke Kumata Yukio Satoh Mitsuhiko Osaki Yuji Nakayama Satoshi Kuwamoto Yoshinori Ichihara Tsuyoshi Okura Kazuhiko Matsuzawa Junichiro Miake Shuji Fukata Takeshi Imamura

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ22-0609, (Released:2023-03-10)

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpes virus that latently infects B lymphocytes. When EBV is reactivated, host B cells differentiate into plasma cells and produce IgM-dominant antibodies as well as many progeny virions. The aims of the present study were to confirm the IgM dominance of thyrotropin-receptor antibodies (TRAbs) produced by EBV reactivation and investigate the roles of TRAb-IgM in Graves’ disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) containing TRAb-producing cells were stimulated for EBV reactivation, and TRAb-IgM and TRAb-IgG were measured by ELISA. TRAb-IgM were purified and TSH-binding inhibitory activities were assessed using a radio-receptor assay. Porcine thyroid follicular epithelial cells were cultured with TRAb-IgM and/or complements to measure the intracellular levels of cAMP and the amount of LDH released. TRAb-IgM/TRAb-IgG (the MG ratio) was examined in sequential serum samples of Graves’ disease and compared among groups of thyroid function. The results obtained showed that IgM-dominant TRAb production was induced by EBV reactivation. TRAb-IgM did not inhibit TSH binding to TSH receptors and did not transduce hormone-producing signals. However, it destroyed thyroid follicular epithelial cells with complements. The MG ratio was significantly higher in samples of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism than in those with normal function or in healthy controls. A close relationship was observed between TRAb-IgM produced by EBV reactivation and the development and exacerbation of Graves’ disease. The present results provide novel insights for the development of prophylaxis and therapeutics for Graves’ disease.

著者

Yuko Akehi Makito Tanabe Hiromi Yano Yuichi Takashi Daiji Kawanami Takashi Nomiyama Toshihiko Yanase

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.11, pp.1303-1312, 2022 (Released:2022-11-28)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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The Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) score, developed to screen for late-onset hypogonadism (LOH), contains 17 questions regarding mental, physical, and sexual parameters. In the Japanese guidelines, a free testosterone (FT) <8.5 pg/mL is recommended for testosterone treatment. However, previous studies have shown no correlation between total AMS scores and testosterone concentration. We aimed to develop a better questionnaire for the detection of testosterone deficiency in men, for the diagnosis of LOH. In 234 Japanese men, aged 40–64 years, we analyzed the relationships of AMS with serum total testosterone (TT), FT, calculated FT (cFT), and calculated bioavailable testosterone (cBT), and identified useful questions for the detection of testosterone deficiency. Four scores, a decrease in muscular strength, a decrease in ability to perform sexually or the frequency, a decrease in the number of morning erections, and a decrease in sexual desire/libido, were negatively associated with two or more of the above four testosterone parameters, and the sum of these four scores (named the selective score) correlated with TT and cFT, independent of age. Statistical analysis revealed an association between insulin resistance and testosterone deficiency, and a higher selective score in smokers than non-smokers. Cubic function model analysis and logistic regression analysis revealed that selective scores ≥10 corresponded with the testosterone concentrations recommended for the diagnosis of LOH, including FT <8.5 pg/mL, independent of age, insulin resistance, and smoking. Thus, the selective score represents a simple and useful means for screening of testosterone deficiency in Japanese men, as an indicator of LOH.

著者

Emre Urhan Zuleyha Karaca Gamze Kalin Unuvar Kursat Gundogan Kursad Unluhizarci

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.6, pp.649-658, 2022 (Released:2022-06-28)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

2 22

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Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly involves the lungs, it also affects many systems. The hypothalamic/pituitary axis is vulnerable to hypoxia, hypercoagulation, endothelial dysfunction and autoimmune changes induced by COVID-19 infection. Given that there is no extensive investigation on this issue, we investigated the pituitary functions three to seven months after acute COVID-19 infection. Forty-three patients after diagnosis of COVID-19 infection and 11 healthy volunteers were included in the study. In addition to the basal pituitary hormone levels, growth hormone (GH) and hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axes were evaluated by glucagon stimulation test (GST) and low-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test, respectively. The peak cortisol responses to low-dose ACTH test were insufficient in seven (16.2%) patients. Twenty (46.5%) and four (9.3%) patients had inadequate GH and cortisol responses to GST, respectively. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) values were also lower than age and sex-matched references in four (9.3%) patients. The peak GH responses to GST were lower in the patient group when compared to the control group. Other abnormalities were mild thyroid-stimulating hormone elevation in four (9.3%) patients, mild prolactin elevation in two (4.6%) patients and central hypogonadism in four (9.3%) patients. Mean total testosterone values were lower in male patients when compared to male controls; however, the difference was not significant. These findings suggest that COVID-19 infection may affect pituitary functions, particularly the HPA and GH axes. These insufficiencies should be kept in mind in post-COVID follow-up. Long-term data are needed to determine whether these deficiencies are permanent or not.

著者

Chizuko Kuriyama Kouki Mori Yoshinori Nakagawa Saeko Hoshikawa Hiroshi Ozaki Sadayoshi Ito Minoru Inoue Masahiro Ohta Katsumi Yoshida

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1009240485, (Released:2010-10-15)

被引用文献数

4 4

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Red blood cell (RBC) zinc (Zn) concentration reflects a patient’s mean thyroid hormone level over the preceding several months. The aim of this study was to examine whether RBC Zn level can be used as an indicator to distinguish painless thyroiditis-associated transient hypothyroidism (TH) from permanent hypothyroidism (PH). RBC Zn level was measured in 30 untreated PH patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 7 untreated TH patients with painless thyroiditis in whom preceding transient thyrotoxicosis had been confirmed. RBC Zn concentration was significantly lower in TH patients than that in PH patients. There was a positive correlation between RBC Zn and serum TSH, and the latter was clearly lower in TH patients than that in PH patients. However, RBC Zn level was again significantly lower in TH patients than PH patients despite of the comparable serum TSH levels in both groups when RBC Zn was evaluated in patients with serum TSH levels of less than 50 mU/L. Thus TH patients could be identified with RBC Zn measurement, allowing us avoidance of unnecessarily prolonged T4 administration to them.

著者

Yongwen Zhang Huanhuan Han Jie Lv Lanfang Chu

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ22-0431, (Released:2022-12-08)

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We prospectively analyzed the association between mobile phone usage time and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) among participants.We included a total of 4,371 patients with T2D among the participants. Mobile phone usage time was quantified at baseline by summing up the hours spent on mobile phone use. The types of mobile phone usage time in our study include game time, TikTok time, WeChat time, watching movies or reading time, and online shopping time. We categorized patients into four groups according to different mobile phone usage time: ≤1.5 h/day (n = 1,101), 1.6–3.5 h/day (n = 1,098), 3.6–7.5 h/day (n = 1,095), and >7.6 h/day (n = 1,077). Fundus photography was performed every year from January 2012 to January 2020. During a follow-up of 8 years, 1,119 were affected by DR, resulting in an overall incidence of 25.6%. The incidences of mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, and proliferative DR (PDR) were 10.1%, 5.1%, 5.1%, and 5.2%, respectively. In comparisons with participants in the lowest category (≤1.5 h/day), the hazard ratios (HRs) of DR were 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07, 1.31, p = 0.040) for 1.6–3.5 h/day, 1.60 (95% CI 1.40, 1.81, p < 0.001) for 3.6–7.5 h/day, and 1.85 (95% CI 1.61, 2.09, p < 0.001) for >7.6 h/day, respectively. Our results provide the general population with a feasible and practical alternative for the reduction of mobile phone use behavior time and new measures to prevent the occurrence of DR.

著者

Hengcai Yu Ruifang Nie Chengwu Shen

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ22-0544, (Released:2023-03-15)

被引用文献数

2

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In recent years, bile acids (BAs) are increasingly being appreciated as signaling molecules beyond their involvement in bile formation and fat absorption. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also known as TGR5) are two dominating receptors through which BAs modulate glucose and lipid metabolism. FXR is highly expressed in the intestine and liver. GPBAR1 is highly expressed in the intestine. The present study reviews the metabolism and regulation of BAs, especially the effects of BAs on glucose and lipid metabolism by acting on FXR in the liver and intestine, and GPBAR1 in the intestine. Furthermore, it explains that fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19), ceramide, and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are all involved in the signaling pathways by which BAs regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. This article aims to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms by which BAs regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, and promote further scientific and clinical research on BAs.

著者

Yuya Fujihara Nobuya Hamanoue Hiromi Yano Makito Tanabe Yuko Akehi Takashi Nomiyama Toshihiko Yanase

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.7, pp.637-645, 2019 (Released:2019-07-28)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

8 13

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Low endogenous testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations have been reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, little is known about the relationships between testosterone or SHBG and liver fibrosis in NAFLD. Thus, we aimed to clarify the relationships between serum testosterone or SHBG concentration and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, a marker of liver fibrosis. Serum testosterone was assayed in various forms (total testosterone [TT], calculated free testosterone [cFT], calculated bioavailable testosterone [cbT], and SHBG) and metabolic markers were also measured in 363 Japanese men (mean age 51.1 ± 8.7 years) at routine health examinations. We then attempted to identify the factors contributing to liver fibrosis by investigating the associations between the metabolic markers, including testosterone, and FIB-4 index. People with a relatively high FIB-4 index (≥1.3) demonstrated lower cFT, cbT, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-β, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and blood urea nitrogen, but higher SHBG, than those with a lower FIB-4 index (<1.3). There were no significant differences in HbA1c, fasting glucose concentration, HOMA-R, or metabolic syndrome prevalence between the two groups. Binary regression analysis revealed that SHBG ≥52 nmol/L and cFT <8.0 ng/dL were statistically significant risk factors for FIB-4 index ≥1.3. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that cFT <7.62 ng/dL (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.639) and SHBG ≥49.8 nmol/L (AUC = 0.649) were the strongest risk factors for FIB-4 index ≥1.3. In contrast to previous findings showing low SHBG concentrations in NAFLD, we provide evidence that high SHBG and low bioactive testosterone are associated with liver fibrosis.

著者

Takashi Nomiyama Dai Shimono Tsuyoshi Horikawa Yuki Fujimura Tomohiro Ohsako Yuichi Terawaki Takashi Fukuda Ryoko Motonaga Makito Tanabe Toshihiko Yanase Collaborators of Fukuoka Study of Ipragliflozin (FUSION) trial

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.8, pp.859-867, 2018 (Released:2018-08-27)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

20 21

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Sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors are newly established anti-diabetic agents with a unique glucose-lowering mechanism. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of the sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor ipragliflozin (Ipra) for metabolic markers and cardiovascular parameters in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was an investigator-initiated, open-label, single-arm, multicenter prospective study. Patients with T2DM were treated with 50 mg Ipra for 24 and 52 weeks. The primary outcome investigated was the reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. The secondary outcome was the change in other metabolic and cardiovascular parameters by 24 weeks. Before and after 52 weeks of treatment, carotid intima-media thickening (IMT) was measured by echography. A total of 134 patients were recruited in the study. A 24-week treatment with 50 mg Ipra daily significantly reduced HbA1c level (–0.6%, p < 0.01). Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and serum C-peptide were reduced significantly (p < 0.05), while serum glucagon level was unchanged. Interestingly, the serum adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were significantly increased by Ipra. However, 52 weeks of Ipra treatment did not change carotid IMT. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the only significant contributing factor for HbA1c reduction by Ipra was baseline HbA1c level. These data suggest that Ipra decreased not only glucose level but also BMI, blood pressure and serum C-peptide, and the contributing factor for HbA1c reduction by Ipra was baseline HbA1c level. Further, Ipra improved serum adiponectin and HDL cholesterol levels.

著者

Satoshi Ida Ryutaro Kaneko Kanako Imataka Kaoru Okubo Kentaro Azuma Kazuya Murata

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ22-0548, (Released:2023-03-01)

被引用文献数

3

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We used a consensus statement to diagnose sarcopenic obesity, evaluated incidence of sarcopenic obesity in older patients with diabetes, and examined whether sarcopenic obesity was associated with their higher-level functional capacity. Outpatients with diabetes (age, ≥65 years) undergoing treatment at Ise Red Cross Hospital were included. The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC)—a self-administered questionnaire—was used to assess their higher-level functional capacity. Sarcopenic obesity was evaluated based on the consensus statement diagnostic criteria—i.e., presence or absence of decreased skeletal muscle mass was evaluated based on appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body weight and obesity was assessed based on body fat mass percentage. To calculate the adjusted β coefficient of sarcopenic obesity for higher-level functional capacity, multiple regression analyses were performed using TMIG-IC scores as the dependent variable and four categories (non-sarcopenia/non-obesity was used as a reference) that included sarcopenia and obesity as the predictor and moderator variables. Among the 310 patients included, the sarcopenic obesity incidence was 13.1% and 14.2% in men and women, respectively. When the non-sarcopenia/non-obesity group was used as a reference, the adjusted β coefficient of sarcopenic obesity for scores of the TMIG-IC was –2.09 (p = 0.014) in men. However, the women showed no relationship between sarcopenic obesity and TMIG-IC scores. In older men with diabetes, sarcopenic obesity was associated with a decline in higher-level functional capacity.

著者

Naruhiko Sunada Hiroyuki Honda Yasuhiro Nakano Koichiro Yamamoto Kazuki Tokumasu Yasue Sakurada Yui Matsuda Toru Hasegawa Yuki Otsuka Mikako Obika Yoshihisa Hanayama Hideharu Hagiya Keigo Ueda Hitomi Kataoka Fumio Otsuka

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.10, pp.1173-1181, 2022 (Released:2022-10-28)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2 26

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Symptoms of long COVID are complex and long-lasting, and endocrine dysfunction might be involved in the underlying mechanisms. In this study, to clarify the hormonal characteristics of long COVID patients, laboratory data for patients who visited the outpatient clinic for long COVID were evaluated. A retrospective analysis was performed for patients who visited Okayama University Hospital during the period from Feb 2021 to Dec 2021 with focus on the interrelationships between major symptoms and endocrine data. Information and laboratory data were obtained from medical records for 186 patients. The patients had various symptoms, and the most frequent symptoms were general malaise, dysosmia/dysgeusia, hair loss, headache, dyspnea, and sleeplessness. Patients who were suffering from fatigue and dysosmia/dysgeusia were younger, while hair loss was more frequent in older and female patients. As for the characteristics of patients suffering from general fatigue, the scores of depression and fatigue were positively correlated with serum levels of cortisol and free thyroxin (FT4), respectively. Also, patients suffering from general fatigue had lower levels of serum growth hormone and higher levels of serum FT4, while patients with dysosmia/dysgeusia had a significantly lower level of serum cortisol. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels were higher and the ratios of FT4/TSH were lower in the initially severe cases, suggesting occult hypothyroidism. In addition, the ratios of plasma adrenocorticotropin to serum cortisol were decreased in patients with relatively high titers of serum SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Thus, hormonal changes seem to be, at least in part, involved in the persistent symptoms of long COVID.

著者

YUKICHI OKUDA KOICHI KAWAI YASUKO MURAYAMA KAMEJIRO YAMASHITA

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrinologia Japonica (ISSN:00137219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.415-422, 1987 (Released:2011-01-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

14 16

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We have examined changes in plasma ketone bodies and their related metabolites after the ingestion of a mixed meal in normal and NIDDM (non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus) using a highly sensitive colorimetric method. In normal subjects, fasting plasma acetoacetic acid (AcAc) and 3-β-hydroxybutyric acid (3-OHB) concentrations were 40.2±2.9 and 21.3±4.0μM, respectively. The total carnitine level in fasting plasma was 48.2±3.2μM and acyl/free was 0.34±0.12. These values did not change significantly after the meal. In diabetic subjects. fasting AcAc and 3-OHB levels were 57.9±3.5 and 97.9±14.7μM, respectively and these values especially 3-OHB, decreased almost to the normal level by 4h after the meal. The total carnitine level in the tasting plasma of diabetics was 48.7±2.8μM and acyl/free was 0.58±0.09. Such characteristics were observed when their plasma glucose had been completely normal for more than 10days. In patients treated with sulfonylurea, the fasting ketone body level, especially 3-OHB, was significantly lower than that of diabetics treated with insulin or diet alone, whereas the fasting plasma glucose level and its postprandial increase were higher than those of the others. These results demonstrate that measurement of the plasma ketone body (especially 3-OHB) level is a sensitive tool for monitoring the metabolic status of NIDDM.

著者

Mototsugu Nagao Akira Asai Lena Eliasson Shinichi Oikawa

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ22-0253, (Released:2022-12-07)

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic disease and studies to understand the etiology of the disease have required selectively bred animal models with polygenic background. In this review, we present two models; the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat and the Oikawa-Nagao Diabetes-Prone (ON-DP) and Diabetes-Resistant (ON-DR) mouse. The GK rat was developed by continuous selective breeding for glucose tolerance from the outbred Wistar rat around 50 years ago. The main cause of spontaneous hyperglycemia in this model is insulin secretion deficiency from pancreatic β-cells and mild insulin resistance in insulin target organs. A disadvantage of the GK rat is that environmental factors have not been considered in the selective breeding. Hence, the GK rat may not be suitable for elucidating predisposition to diabetes under certain environmental conditions, such as a high-fat diet. Therefore, we recently established two mouse lines with different susceptibilities to diet-induced diabetes, which are prone and resistant to the development of diabetes, designated as the ON-DP and ON-DR mouse, respectively. The two ON mouse lines were established by continuous selective breeding for inferior and superior glucose tolerance after high-fat diet feeding in hybrid mice of three inbred strains. Studies of phenotypic differences between ON-DP and ON-DR mice and their underlying molecular mechanisms will shed light on predisposing factors for the development of T2D in the modern obesogenic environment. This review summarizes the background and the phenotypic differences and similarities of GK rats and ON mice and highlights the advantages of using selectively bred rodent models in diabetes research.

著者

Masatsugu HORIUCHI Masaki MOGI Masaru IWAI

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.1-5, 2006 (Released:2006-03-15)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

20 23