著者

小南 弘季

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.767, pp.183-190, 2020 (Released:2020-01-30)

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Tokyo has a lot of shrines and these form complex and diverse Ujiko-iki areas at present. These territories were inherited from a situation of the faith in Edo period critically. In this paper, specialties of Ujiko in the city of Edo are understood deeply through analysis of enshrinement, reconstruction and relocation of shrines described in “Jisha Kakiage”. Firstly, the distribution of Ujiko is restored from “Jisha Kakiage” and then the following three points are pointed out. First issue is that there were some shrines to account samurai residences as Ujiko. Second issue is that there were some towns to belong to several shrines. Third issue is that there were some shrines to have Ujiko towns locating in separate places. In chapter 3, it is discussed that there were two types tutelary shrines for Edo castle town and for each town, samurai residence or temple in the city of Edo by analyzing enshrining and reconstruction of shrines described in “Jisha Kakiage”. Successive shoguns have enshrined new shrines and intervened some shrines by reconstructing these buildings or certificating lands. The intervention to shrines by shoguns has been strengthening the personal inclination than tutelary shrines against the whole Edo castle town. On the other hand, inhabitants in the city of Edo have enshrined new shrines and refurbished old shrines for tutelary shrines against each personal territory. While these tutelary shrines in same cases overlapped, there two types tutelary shrines. Almost of shrines to account samurai residences as Ujiko formed a territory of Ujiko above a whole district. This fact indicates that the relationships based on territorial acknowledgement between So-chinju, which is a big tutelary shrine guarding a wide district, and Ujiko of these shrines were established in the city of Edo. These shrines are almost same to tutelary shrines for Edo castle town in this chapter and divided territories of Ujiko without overlap. However, some communities of Ujiko consisted of a few towns or samurai residences were settled over the wide district territories of Ujiko. The above multi-layered territory is most important character of the shrine religion in the city of Edo. In chapter 4, relocations of shrines are described in the transition of the city form of Edo from a medieval town to the premodern castle town by analyzing relocation of shrines described in “Jisha Kakiage”. Relocation of shrines were able to be classified continuous relocation or advanced one from the viewpoint to increase or decrease their precinct lands. The latter relocation has been executed by the shogunate government or sometimes Daimyo families in order to convert a meaning of shrine as an object of faith. Through these relocations, a lot of shrines were converted into tutelary shrines of new towns or whole districts developed for city functions. In the other words, the shogunate government and inhabitants in the city of Edo activated the land of Edo with shrines like the following. One is to build a shrine by enshrining or relocating from other places as a tutelary shrine. Other is to refurbish an original shrine of the land. Then, these shrines were sometimes relocated by the demand of the shogunate government or self-control and changed their place to guard. Some towns changed relationships as Ujiko when shrines were relocated to another place and the degree of faith swayed.