著者

湯沢 威

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.1-25, 1973-02-25 (Released:2009-10-14)

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It is possible to consider the growing process of the formation of the operating organization in English railway in the following two aspects. The first is the process brought forth by the running of railway carriages, which made it necessary to form some primitive organization. This organisation gradually developed with the subdivision of the existing functions and the creation of the new functions, and with precise definition of the workers' duty.The second is the process enforced by the through-traffic, which neces sarily led to the establishment of the Railway Clearing House and to the decision on the standard gauge. Through this process the operating organization became more unified and standardized in major railway companies except G. W. R. which adopted the broad gauge.The size and scope of the operating organization was limited at first. It was obliged to depend upon the contracting system in doing such work as maintenance of permanent way, loading and unloading goods, and repair of carriages. But with the increased capacity of management the company, being confronted with the difficult problem of ensuring safety at limited expenses, began to exercise direct control over work as mentioned above.