著者

湯沢 威

雑誌

學習院大學經濟論集 (ISSN:00163953)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.1-25, 1983-03-01

著者

湯沢 威

出版者

学習院大学

雑誌

学習院大学経済経営研究所年報 (ISSN:09162445)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.19-34, 1989-10

著者

湯沢 威 Takeshi Yuzawa

出版者

学習院大学経済学会

雑誌

學習院大學經濟論集 = The journal of Faculty of Economics, Gakushuin University (ISSN:00163953)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.53-86, 1979-03

著者

湯沢 威

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.4, pp.27-34, 2007-03-25 (Released:2010-02-25)

著者

湯沢 威

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.28-56, 1991-07-30 (Released:2009-11-06)

参考文献数

73

---

This paper analyzes business ethics both in the period of the Industrial Revolution and during the decline of the British economy in the late nineteenth century. It begins by discussing the social strata from which businessmen emerged and the kind of opportunities which they made use of in doing their business. There have been lots of arguments on the origin of entrepreneurs and their business performance, but according to recent studies, entreprenuers tended to come not from the bottom but from the middle of society.The motives of entrepreneurs in the Industrial Revolution were described in the works of Samuel Smiles. His most popular book was Self-Help, published in 1859. His idea derived from Adam Smith's concept of laissez-faire. Smiles worked in railway companies as a secretary for more than twenty years, while he wrote various books and articles. It is interesting to compare his ideas as set out in his books with his actual performance, as the companies became larger and their organization more bureaucratic.The question is why businessmen's spirits flagged at the end of the nineteenth century. I analyze first the social structure in the late nineteenth century and then the changing patterns of business ideas, recently well summarized by M. J. Wiener. Indeed his viewpoint is widely accepted in Japan as well, but I criticize it with the help of the arguments of P. Payne and W. D. Rubinstein which pay attention to historical factors neglected by Wiener.This paper examines critically current discussions on the topic of British business ethics, and reconsiders the stereotype of the British businessman which has become a handed-down orthodoxy in the Japanese academic world.

著者

湯沢 威

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.4, pp.88-99, 1987-01-30 (Released:2010-11-18)

著者

湯沢 威 原 輝史

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.88-94, 1981-04-30 (Released:2009-11-06)

著者

森川 英正 湯沢 威

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.121-130, 1980-04-30 (Released:2009-11-06)

著者

湯沢 威

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.1-25, 1973-02-25 (Released:2009-10-14)

---

It is possible to consider the growing process of the formation of the operating organization in English railway in the following two aspects. The first is the process brought forth by the running of railway carriages, which made it necessary to form some primitive organization. This organisation gradually developed with the subdivision of the existing functions and the creation of the new functions, and with precise definition of the workers' duty.The second is the process enforced by the through-traffic, which neces sarily led to the establishment of the Railway Clearing House and to the decision on the standard gauge. Through this process the operating organization became more unified and standardized in major railway companies except G. W. R. which adopted the broad gauge.The size and scope of the operating organization was limited at first. It was obliged to depend upon the contracting system in doing such work as maintenance of permanent way, loading and unloading goods, and repair of carriages. But with the increased capacity of management the company, being confronted with the difficult problem of ensuring safety at limited expenses, began to exercise direct control over work as mentioned above.

著者

湯沢 威

出版者

学習院大学

雑誌

学習院大学経済論集 (ISSN:00163953)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.p1-25, 1983-03

著者

湯沢 威

出版者

流通経済大学

雑誌

流通経済大学論集 (ISSN:03850854)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.4, pp.p37-51, 1977-03