著者

生沼 芳弘

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 体育学部 (ISSN:03892026)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.111-120, 1977

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Sumo (Japanese wrestling) is a sport culture that was fostered by Japanese people and Japanese culture, and it has a definite organization and institution in the capacity of professional sports. The sumodom (sumo society) has many stables (Sumobeya) that are no parallel to other sports. Now, the sumodom has about thirty stables (Sumobeya). Sumobeya is institutionalized in the sumodom. It is a family like and a unique institution in the world of sports. This Sumobeya is a private training center of Sumo that both a master (teacher) of Sumo and many disciples live together in a same house, in order to accede to the Sumo culture. And it has been extending over two hundred years from the Edo period. The same one as Sumobeya is Iemoto of Japanese public entertainment, -Japanese dancing, a Noh dance, a Noh farce (performed as supplimentary entertainment during a Noh program), flower arrangement, a nagauta music (a long epic song), a tokiwazu ballad, a kiyomoto (a ballad drama), and so forth. Though Iemoto generally means the main branch of a family, it is institutionalized in Japanese public entertainment, too. Both Sumobeya and Iemoto have made up of hierarchical structure in training groups that are organized by a connecting link between a master (teacher) and disciples, just like the relationship of master and servant (apprentice). This research is to make clear the characteristic of both training group structures and the distinctive quality of Japanese sports culture and Japanese public entertainment culture. And the true object of this research shall be make clear the characteristic of the nation in Japanese sports culture. The method is a sociological comparative research that compare Sumobeya with Iemoto The former research materials (data) are my investigation in Takasago-beya (stable) that had extended for twenty-three months from May, 1975 to March, 1977. The latter research materials (data) make use of a bibliography that was analyzed by Mr. Takeyoshi Kawashima. The result of this research made clear that hierarchcal structure of training group in Iemoto is the pattern of reproduction on an enlarged scale and that hierarchycal structure of training group in Sumobeya is the pattern of closed pyramid. The latter pattern is just the same as a apprentice system that formed the foundation of a guild (Kabunakama) under the feudal system of the Edo period. The following present some other similarities between sumodom (sumo society) and Kabunakama (guild). 1 : Both of them were monopolistic business organization. 2 : Both of them came into existence at the same time. 3 : Both of them have 'share' (stock and Kabu) 4 : Both of them have been based on a house. There is a closed similarity between the two. That is to say, the characteristic of the nation in Japanese sports culture detects a apprentice system.