著者

山田 浩之

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.308-324, 1992-08-07

---

The purpose of this article is to clarify the pre-World War II status differences among secondary school teachers through examining their educational background. Secondary school teachers before the War have not been examined in detail. As well, status differences and their influences on professional activity and culture have not yet been clarified. These two topics are discussed. First, changes in teachers' social status and differences in their salary as influenced by educational background are examined. Second, among the graduates of Teikoku-daigaku (Teidai, Imperial Universities) and Koto-Shihan (Koshi, Higher Normal Schools) and others, differences in salary and types of secondary school to which they belonged are analyzed, using Yamaguchi prefecture as a case study. The results may be summarized as follows ; 1) Social status of secondary school teachers before the War was high, and declined until the mid-Taisho era and then rose in the Showa era. It also differed due to their educational background. 2) In Yamaguchi prefecture, the status of graduates of Teidai and Koshi as secondary school teachers was superior to others. And it was supposed that teachers qualified by Bunken (examination by the Department of Education) and graduated from Senmon-Gakko (special schools) were inferior to those graduated from Teidai and Koshi. That is, a hierarchy existed as follows, Teidai, Koshi, Senmon-Gakko and those qualified by Bunken. 3) In particular, graduates of Teidai held dominant positions, and they were superior to those of Koshi in salary and promotion, and more often occupied the positions of principal of prestigious secondary schools, etc. Finally, based on these findings, hierarchical influences on secondary school teachers' life are discussed.