著者

山田 勅之

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.7, pp.1330-1356, 2009

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During the Ming Period from the Tianshun era (天順) on, the native official surnamed Mu occupied and ruled Tibetan regions, even Yongning in Yunnan and Yanjing in Sichuan which were regarded as native governance by the Ming Dynasty. Many documents record that the native official surnamed Mu acted as "buffer" for the Ming. Almost all earlier studies have pointed that this native official was under the control of the Ming Dynasty on the basis of such documents. This article intends to clarify the military activities of the native official surnamed Mu and how it governed the regions in question after its occupation of them, examine the perceptions and responses to that situation on the part of the Ming Dynasty and the region's Tibetan population, and consider the significance of such foreign expansion. First, concerning the Tibetan response to military activities within their region, the native official surnamed Mu was perceived not only as military rulers, but also guardians of the Karma pa sect of Tibetan Buddhism. Next, concerning military movements in Yongning and Yanjing, after a settlement was reached in 1535, the 14th year of the jiajing era (嘉靖) over territorial disputes among Lijiang, Yongning and Yanjing, the native official surnamed Mu refused to abide by the settlement and proceeded to occupy almost all of Yongning and Yanjing. Meanwhile, the conflict between the Ming Dynasty and the Tibetan regions continued unabated, a situation under which the native official surnamed Mu's invasion can be viewed as matching Tibetan anti-Ming activities, which probably explains the silence concerning his occupation of Yongning and Yanjing. In other words, a reciprocal relationship was established between the native official surnamed Mu and the Chinese world, a relationship that would continue for generations. It was in this way that he achieved political autonomy and displayed its ability to maintain social order throughout the Ming Period.