著者
中田 達也
出版者
日本比較法研究所
雑誌
比較法雑誌 (ISSN:00104116)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.3, pp.187-216, 2014-12-30

2014年8月現在,日本,中国および韓国は,いずれも水中文化遺産保護条約の締約国になっていない。アジアでは,カンボジアが2007年11月に同条約を批准したのみである。しかし,筆者がアジア太平洋水中文化遺産会議に初回(2011年11月8~12日,マニラ),第2回(2014年5月12~16日,ハワイ)と参加・発表したときに感じたのは,この条約の批准の可否とは別に,アジアの多くの国で相当程度に水中文化遺産を対象とする国内行政が進んでいるということであった。国連海洋法条約が設定したいわゆる主権的権利は生物資源と非生物資源に特化された権利(むろんその背後にそれに伴う義務もあるが)であるが,水中文化遺産を対象とする広範な沿岸国管轄権(刑事管轄権を含む)を新たに設定した立法条約たる水中文化遺産保護条約は,向かい合う大陸棚の線引きの問題に加え島嶼や水中文化遺産の存在をめぐる海洋権益の問題など,優れて現代的な海洋法の問題も内包しているがゆえに,条約の批准状況だけを見ていたのでは,条約の普遍性を判断できない(水中文化遺産条約は一切の留保が認められない)。そこで,本稿では,一衣帯水の距離にある日中韓の水中文化遺産行政を比較検討しながら,日本の行政の特徴を浮き彫りにし,その課題を展望する。具体的には,中国,韓国および日本の順に,水中文化遺産をめぐる国内法制がどのような経緯で出来て,それがどのようにして現在に至っているのかを関連法を参照しつつ明示し,それらを比較するという手法を採る。その際,上述したアジアの国際会議に参加したときのプロシーディングズやその過程で出逢った方々の貴重なコメントや資料に基づいて本稿を作成した。本稿の最大の特徴は,日中韓の水中文化遺産行政の最前線を示している点と,日本の最大の特色である文化財保護法にいう「周知の埋蔵文化財包蔵地」という文言が,水中文化遺産とどのように関連しているのかを掘り下げた点である。
著者
中田 達也
出版者
関西法政治学研究会
雑誌
憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, pp.103-161, 2012-12-25 (Released:2018-01-10)

Few people know two historical and/or archaeological shipwrecks at Tokyo bay. One is Haya-maru located at the southern-side of line drawn between Futtsu Cape at Chiba Pref. and Kannonsaki at Kanagawa pref., the other is the Oneida located at the northern-side of the line. While the former is a national vessel, the latter is a foreign warship (United States). Sinking at internal waters (territorial sea), the latter is generally under control of Japan with the exception of removal of artifacts (UNCLOS article 303 § 2). In the case of Oneiada, United States abandoned its property right by selling. Taking all the shoreline surrounded by the Sea into consideration, Japan must face up to the international trend of UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (adapted 2001, entry into force 2009, not ratified as to Japan). This article aims to reveal some defects in the Japanese legal system through an examination of the treatment of two shipwrecks at Tokyo Bay. The most important thing is to pay attention to an idea as follows. It would be seen in the citation of titled A Study of Remains conservation Method: Underwater Remains by Monuments and Sites Division of Agency for Cultural Affairs (March, 2000). " To prevent the alteration and free salvage of underwater remains, likewise the method of the protection of remains on land, the points and situations of underwater remains should be firmly grasped, thereby such points and places positively need to be notified to the public as sites which contain buried cultural properties. It could be the first step for the protection of underwater remains above all to compel those who investigate underwater remains or carry out engineering works and so forth to notify and/or report in advance." (pp.73-74). Therefore this article particularly attaches great importance to legal aspects as well as historical stories. Such a narrative nature and background gives rise to archaeology, which could be legal interest perceived as highly beneficial interest to the public as a whole.
著者
中田 達也
出版者
関西法政治研究会
雑誌
法政治研究 (ISSN:21894124)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.First, pp.265-312, 2015-03-29 (Released:2017-07-06)

Disciplines on fisheries subsidies have been discussed continuously even after the breakdown (2008) of WTO Doha Round. Specially after USA participated in all TPP fields, TPP has been paid hot attention all through the world. Recently lots of states have made attempt to create new international trade rules through the formation and accumulation of Free Trade Agreements (FTA) and/or Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA). TPP consisted of 12 states since Japan participated in TPP in 2013 has occupied approximately 40% economic scale in the world. That's why TPP could be a symbol of FTA and/or EPA. TPP is trying to create a new policy including ambitious non-trade concerns such as an independent chapter 'Environment.' It contains disciplines on fisheries subsidies. This article aims to examine the significance of disciplines on fisheries subsidies in the draft chapter 'Environment' referring to confidential but partially revealed information relating to TPP. "Whether such provisions could take the opportunity to proliferate at the whole international level" will be examined. In addition, what a kind of paradigm shift is emerging in the context that disciplines on fisheries subsidies have been continuously argued and negotiated among states will be explored.