著者

今野 宏之

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.252, pp.204-213, 2009 (Released:2021-08-03)

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In 1916 Einstein considered a thermal equilibrium between blackbody radiation and gas molecules in a cavity. On this occasion he introduced probability coefficients A and B of spontaneous and induced transitions, respectively. Then, he derived the ratio A/B (Eq. (4) in the text). With respect to this, Planck, in the fourth edition of his book (1921), Lectures on the Heat Radiation, derived the individual equation of A (Eq. (13)). Furthermore, it is quite interesting that in the course of derivation Planck introduced the substitution of a difference quotient (Eq. (11)) for a differential one (Eq. (9)). Thus, it should be noted that Planck employed this mathematical manipulation earlier than Kramers. This paper also argues that Planck's idea of difference quotient stems from the energy fluctuation based on the Fokker equation (7).

著者

今野 宏之

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.244, pp.253-256, 2007 (Released:2021-08-09)

著者

今野 宏之

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.213, pp.31-36, 2000 (Released:2021-08-23)

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This paper deals with Kramers' application of Bohr's correspondence principle to the calculation of line intensities. His results of the Stark effect of hydrogen lines were favorably accepted by.the contemporary quantum physicists. One reason for this is there existed no competitive mathematical manipulation other than Kramers' in the period of old quantum theory. The critical appraisal was later given by SchrSdinger in terms of wave mechanics. However, SchrOdinger's theoretical calculation also contained some disagreement with Stark's empirical results in 1915. This discrepancy was soon eliminated by the more elaborated experiments in 1929. New experiments confirmed the validity of Schrodinger's theoretical result.

著者

今野 宏之

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.186, pp.99-107, 1993 (Released:2021-03-23)

著者

今野 宏之

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.183, pp.156-163, 1992 (Released:2021-04-03)

著者

今野 宏之

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.171, pp.152-160, 1989 (Released:2021-09-01)

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Einstein introduced the spontaneous process of "outgoing" radiation in 1916, corresponding to the radiation emitted from an oscillating Planck resonator. In 191& Bohr suggested that the probability coefficient of spontaneous emission could be determined by the amplitude of the multiply periodic system. The correspondence principle, however, enabled one to indicate only an asymptotic relation(13)(in the text) in the limit of high quantum numbers, and was powerless to fix the unique form of the amplitude valid for all quantum numbers. Kramers gave up determining the amplitude in terms of the multiply periodic system, and regarded Eq.(26)as quantum-theoretically valid relation. Then he reversed Eq.(26)and took the relation(27)as the definition of the characteristic amplitudes of the virtual oscillators. Eventually, Kramers' dispersion formula was the first fruitful attempt to embody Einstein's probability coefficient of the spontaneous emission in the form of the "strength"(f=A・γ) of the virtual oscillator.

著者

今野 宏之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本物理学会

雑誌

大学の物理教育 (ISSN:1340993X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.31-33, 2019

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<p>1.はじめに</p><p>現代物理学史研究者としての廣重徹の最後の仕事の一つとなった原子構造の量子論について述べたいと思う.『物理学史II』の後半部分,「11.現代物理学への転換」以降で19~20世紀物理学史</p>

著者

今野 宏之

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4, pp.189-190, 1980-04-30 (Released:2009-09-04)

著者

今野 宏之

出版者

一般社団法人日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理學會誌 (ISSN:00290181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.8, pp.554-556, 2013-08-05