著者

佐藤 公彦

出版者

公益財団法人史学会

雑誌

史學雜誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.43-80, 145-143, 1982-01-20

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Eight trigrams sect (Pa-kua-chiao 八卦教) was the most popular religious secret society in north China through the Ch'ing dynasty, and in the process of its expansion we can often find a lot of boxing training by its members. In this paper we will consider the relationship between the Eight trigrams sect and boxing training such as I-ho-chuan (義和拳), etc.. Eight trigrams sect is said to have been founded by a man called Li Ting-yu (李廷玉) in either the Shun Chih (順治) or Kang Hsi (康煕) reign periods at the beginning of the Ch'ing dynasty. It was organized according to the principle of the division into eight trigrams, and also divided into a "Wen" (文) or literary sect, and a "Wu" (武) or military one which had widely developed itself ; the society consisted of four "Wen" trigrams and four "Wu" trigrams. The combination of Eight trigrams sect and boxing training had already taken place in early Yung Cheng (雍正) period. In the Wang Lun (王倫) rebellion (1774), which was raised by a society called Ching-Shui-Chiao (清水教), a branch of the Eight trigrams sect, the boxing styles used inside the sect had been Pa-kua-chuan (八卦拳, Eight trigrams boxing), Chi-hsin-hung-chuan (七星紅拳 Seven star red boxing), and I-he-chuan (義合拳, Righteous harmony boxing). From this we can see that the I-ho-chuan was the same as the White Lotus religion or more precisely as the boxing which had combined with the military sect of Eight trigrams sect, Ching-Shui-chiao. From the incident of the I-ho-chuan in 1778, 1783 and 1786, we can guess that the I-ho-chuan had close relationship with the Li (離) trigram, a branch of the Eight trigrams sect. In 1813, Eight trigrams sect raised an uprising. A careful examination of the materials on the boxing in this uprising such sources as those on general leader of the military sect, Feng Ke-shan (馮克善), the group members led by Sung Yueh-lung (宋躍〓) and the case of Ke Li-yeh (葛立業) who learned and practiced I-ho school boxing (義和門拳棒), show that I-ho school boxing had been practiced inside Sung Yueh-lung's group in the Chili-Shantung boundary area, and that this group belonged to the chain of Li trigram. Hence we can easily identify the I-ho school as one of small regional group in the Li trigram in Eight trigrams sect. It becomes clear that the reason why boxing was combined with the Li trigram, representative of Wu trigrams, depends on the principle of organization. The boxing practiced in the Eight trigrams sect had been influenced by its religious thought, and came to have incantationary-religious characteristics, The I-ho-chuan and Eight trigrams sect in Chin-hsiang (金郷) county seem as though they were in conflict, but this example proves that there was a close relationship between the two. It is clear that historically boxing such as the I-ho-chuan, Pa-kua-chuan, etc., expanded widely in the north-west Chili-Shantung boundary area and south-west region of Shantung, by maintaining continuous relationship with Eight trigrams sect. Another phenomenon, however, also appeared. Social disturbance and confusion after the late Tao-Kuang (道光) period, brought about a wide expansion of the boxing training that was not directly related with Eight trigrams sect. The boxing which had combined with Eight trigrams sect, though taking on religious character, gradually started to secede from it, was accepted as a function of violence or defence in rural society. In the Hsien-Feng (咸豊) and Tung-Chih (同治) Periods, boxing which had permeated into rural society gradually came to be related to "Tuan militia" (団) and the "Allied village societies" (lianzhuanghui 連荘会) coexisted with the order of rural society, and built up the social foundation for the organization of I-ho-chuan society. Eight trigrams sect, not only scattered widely in this way, but also combined forces with bandits in the process of the mutual permeation with these military plunderers' groups. Thus some societies -such as Long Spea

著者

佐藤 公彦

出版者

一般社団法人日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学會誌 (ISSN:00214728)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.935, pp.816-818, 1996-10-05

著者

山崎 潔 鈴木 一幸 佐藤 公彦 大内 健 吉成 仁 磯崎 一太 中舘 一郎 班目 健夫 吉田 俊巳 柏原 紀文 佐藤 俊一 村上 晶彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本肝臓学会

雑誌

肝臓 (ISSN:04514203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.7, pp.724-729, 1991-07-25 (Released:2009-07-09)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

9 6

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漢方薬が原因と推定された劇症肝炎の1例を経験した.症例は62歳男性.痔核治療のため漢方薬(金鵄丸)の服用を開始したところ,6週間後に倦怠感と尿濃染が出現した.服用中止により一旦症状の消失をみたが,服薬再開後5週間で上記症状が再出現,黄疸の出現をみ入院となった.凝固能低下が著明で(PT 28%, HPT 19%),種々の治療にもかかわらず,4週間後多臓器不全の状態で死亡した.剖検肝は495gと萎縮著明で,肝組織像は広範性肝壊死を示した.金鵄丸による薬剤性肝炎は本例を含め9例が報告されている.その特徴は,金鵄丸が原因との認識が遅れたため反復服用により肝炎の繰り返しをみる例が多いこと,発疹,好酸球増多がみられないことであった.本例は,漢方薬により劇症肝炎を来した初めての報告である.漢方薬の使用が増加しているおり,漢方薬によっても本例のごとき重症肝障害が惹起されうることに注意すべきである.

著者

佐藤公彦著

出版者

集広舎

巻号頁・発行日

2015

著者

佐藤 公彦

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.43-80,145-143, 1982-01-20 (Released:2017-11-29)

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Eight trigrams sect (Pa-kua-chiao 八卦教) was the most popular religious secret society in north China through the Ch'ing dynasty, and in the process of its expansion we can often find a lot of boxing training by its members. In this paper we will consider the relationship between the Eight trigrams sect and boxing training such as I-ho-chuan (義和拳), etc.. Eight trigrams sect is said to have been founded by a man called Li Ting-yu (李廷玉) in either the Shun Chih (順治) or Kang Hsi (康煕) reign periods at the beginning of the Ch'ing dynasty. It was organized according to the principle of the division into eight trigrams, and also divided into a "Wen" (文) or literary sect, and a "Wu" (武) or military one which had widely developed itself ; the society consisted of four "Wen" trigrams and four "Wu" trigrams. The combination of Eight trigrams sect and boxing training had already taken place in early Yung Cheng (雍正) period. In the Wang Lun (王倫) rebellion (1774), which was raised by a society called Ching-Shui-Chiao (清水教), a branch of the Eight trigrams sect, the boxing styles used inside the sect had been Pa-kua-chuan (八卦拳, Eight trigrams boxing), Chi-hsin-hung-chuan (七星紅拳 Seven star red boxing), and I-he-chuan (義合拳, Righteous harmony boxing). From this we can see that the I-ho-chuan was the same as the White Lotus religion or more precisely as the boxing which had combined with the military sect of Eight trigrams sect, Ching-Shui-chiao. From the incident of the I-ho-chuan in 1778, 1783 and 1786, we can guess that the I-ho-chuan had close relationship with the Li (離) trigram, a branch of the Eight trigrams sect. In 1813, Eight trigrams sect raised an uprising. A careful examination of the materials on the boxing in this uprising such sources as those on general leader of the military sect, Feng Ke-shan (馮克善), the group members led by Sung Yueh-lung (宋躍〓) and the case of Ke Li-yeh (葛立業) who learned and practiced I-ho school boxing (義和門拳棒), show that I-ho school boxing had been practiced inside Sung Yueh-lung's group in the Chili-Shantung boundary area, and that this group belonged to the chain of Li trigram. Hence we can easily identify the I-ho school as one of small regional group in the Li trigram in Eight trigrams sect. It becomes clear that the reason why boxing was combined with the Li trigram, representative of Wu trigrams, depends on the principle of organization. The boxing practiced in the Eight trigrams sect had been influenced by its religious thought, and came to have incantationary-religious characteristics, The I-ho-chuan and Eight trigrams sect in Chin-hsiang (金郷) county seem as though they were in conflict, but this example proves that there was a close relationship between the two. It is clear that historically boxing such as the I-ho-chuan, Pa-kua-chuan, etc., expanded widely in the north-west Chili-Shantung boundary area and south-west region of Shantung, by maintaining continuous relationship with Eight trigrams sect. Another phenomenon, however, also appeared. Social disturbance and confusion after the late Tao-Kuang (道光) period, brought about a wide expansion of the boxing training that was not directly related with Eight trigrams sect. The boxing which had combined with Eight trigrams sect, though taking on religious character, gradually started to secede from it, was accepted as a function of violence or defence in rural society. In the Hsien-Feng (咸豊) and Tung-Chih (同治) Periods, boxing which had permeated into rural society gradually came to be related to "Tuan militia" (団) and the "Allied village societies" (lianzhuanghui 連荘会) coexisted with the order of rural society, and built up the social foundation for the organization of I-ho-chuan society. Eight trigrams sect, not only scattered widely in this way, but also combined forces with bandits in the process of the mutual permeation with(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

著者

佐藤 公彦

出版者

日本泌尿器科学会西日本支部

雑誌

西日本泌尿器科 (ISSN:00290726)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.273-277, 1969-04

著者

山崎 潔 鈴木 一幸 佐藤 公彦 大内 健 吉成 仁 磯崎 一太 中舘 一郎 班目 健夫 吉田 俊巳 柏原 紀文 佐藤 俊一 村上 晶彦

出版者

The Japan Society of Hepatology

雑誌

肝臓 (ISSN:04514203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.7, pp.724-729, 1991

被引用文献数

15 6

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漢方薬が原因と推定された劇症肝炎の1例を経験した.症例は62歳男性.痔核治療のため漢方薬(金鵄丸)の服用を開始したところ,6週間後に倦怠感と尿濃染が出現した.服用中止により一旦症状の消失をみたが,服薬再開後5週間で上記症状が再出現,黄疸の出現をみ入院となった.凝固能低下が著明で(PT 28%, HPT 19%),種々の治療にもかかわらず,4週間後多臓器不全の状態で死亡した.剖検肝は495gと萎縮著明で,肝組織像は広範性肝壊死を示した.金鵄丸による薬剤性肝炎は本例を含め9例が報告されている.その特徴は,金鵄丸が原因との認識が遅れたため反復服用により肝炎の繰り返しをみる例が多いこと,発疹,好酸球増多がみられないことであった.本例は,漢方薬により劇症肝炎を来した初めての報告である.漢方薬の使用が増加しているおり,漢方薬によっても本例のごとき重症肝障害が惹起されうることに注意すべきである.