著者

前川 麻弥 能美 隆

出版者

一般社団法人 日本質量分析学会

雑誌

Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan (ISSN:13408097)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.308-316, 1998 (Released:2007-07-20)

被引用文献数

4 4

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Pyrolysis mechanism of cellulose and it's roasted odor were studied by odor sensor, GC-MS and TG-MS. The roasted odor was generated from 170°C when cellulose was heated and decomposed. Odor sensor made of tin oxide semiconductor thin film detected the odor products at 170°C. A human nose could detect the odor at the same temperature. The human and the artificial nose could be understood to sense the same evolved gas among the decomposition products. We analyzed the decomposition products of cellulose and found levoglucosan as a main product around 300-400°C by GC-MS under He condition. TG-MS study was carried out under air condition and levoglucosan was detected. Levoglucosan (mp 182°C, bp 280°C) was estimated to sublimate over the temperature of 200°C. When the cellulose pyrolized, the chemical weak bonding of -O- was scissored randomly. Finally this scission stopped when it created the monomer unit of cellulose, i.e., levoglucosan. Considering these facts we concluded the roasted odor by the decomposition of cellulose must be levoglucosan.

著者

能美 隆 前川 麻弥

出版者

公益社団法人 日本分析化学会

雑誌

分析化学 (ISSN:05251931)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.4, pp.285-296, 2013-04-05 (Released:2013-06-10)

参考文献数

30

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人類は,水素を中心とした新しいエネルギー時代を迎えようとしている.言い換えると,古い火は新しい火に移行しようとしている.長い間火災を追ってきた者にとって,火災の前兆現象を分析し判断する尺度を変化させざるを得ない.火災検出で長年使用される煙センサーも火災性状の変化と共に使用できなくなる可能性がある.二酸化炭素センサーから水素センサーを使用する時代が到来するだろう.すなわち,煙の出る火から煙のでない火に,明るい色のある火から色の出ない火に,ニオイのある火から無臭の火に,二酸化炭素の出る火から出ない火に,火は時代と共にその姿を変えている.昔はゆっくりと燃え煙やニオイを出した火から,煙や色,ニオイの無い,瞬く間に燃える火,時として漏洩(えい)すると爆発的に燃焼する火に移行しようとしている.火災の前兆現象を的確に捕らえ判断する事がより難しい時代になって来たと言う事ができる.ここでは,火のニオイを取り上げ火とニオイの関係について,燃焼に際して生成する煤(すす)やニオイについて述べる.ニオイと言うと,香料や香水の良い香り,焼きたてパンの香ばしいニオイを連想する.芳香は人の能に心地よい刺激を与え活力を生み出し,芳ばしさは脳に働きかけて唾液を分泌させる.人は本来ニオイにとても敏感である.焦げ臭いニオイは本能的に生物に退避行動を誘起する.山火事や家屋の火災は危険であり咄嗟(とっさ)に逃げるのは生存の必須要件である.繰り返される大火や戦火に追われた経験のある我々は本能的に火のニオイに敏感であった.しかし,災害から少し経つと我々は火が怖い事を忘れてしまう.そこで,ニオイに本来敏感な生物を振り返ると共に,火災より生ずるニオイ,火災後に残るニオイや,最近のニオイ分析の進歩と応用について解説し,焦げ臭や煙のでない火災の前兆をどのように察知し退避するか考えてみたい.

著者

平田 利美 前川 麻弥 能美 隆

出版者

一般社団法人 日本質量分析学会

雑誌

Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan (ISSN:13408097)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.259-274, 1998 (Released:2007-07-20)

被引用文献数

14 13

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Mechanisms of pyrolysis of cellulose which have been presented are reviewed in terms of pathways of the reaction, production of levoglucosan, carbonization and pyrolysis of levoglucosan, and kinetics. In addition measurements with machines are discussed in relation to the pyrolysis. In the section of reaction pathways five models given in diagrams are introduced and indicated lack of clear chemical definition of them, and in the levoglucosan formation six principal models are briefly described, and a proposal of an ion mechanism against a radical mechanism, and different interpretations of effects of fine structures on the reaction and the chain length are pointed out to make important controversial points. In the third section changes in residue structure through carbonization are discussed, and courses of levoglucosan pyrolysis full of variety are shown and significance of researches on the pyrolysis in air is emphasized from viewpoint of fire science. In the fifth section an enormous number of kinetic data presented with different orders of reaction are shown and a kinetics is systematically developed to explain the different reaction orders. In the sixth section, the dependency of data on individual instruments are revealed in the measurement with instruments problems involved in analytical pyrolysis. Understanding of the implication and reasonable choice of the data is shown to be important.

著者

小林 良夫 能美 隆 下池 洋一 上野 浩志 前川 麻弥 鈴木 克裕 川本 範之 山地 松夫 佐藤 隆

出版者

日本質量分析学会

雑誌

Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan (ISSN:13408097)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.205-215, 2003 (Released:2007-10-16)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

3 2

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The purpose of this study is to estimate the amounts of kerosene poured at the scene of arson. Several analytical methods have been carried out to detect kerosene in fire debris. There is no study to compare the methods quantitatively. First we discussed comparison about several analytical methods, and got the conclusion that the most sensitive method was found to be the analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after extracting by ether. The detection limit of this methed was 0.05 µg/g.The kerosene concentration of tatami had an effect on the condition of combustion. We estimated the diffusion speed of kerosene sprinkled on tatami. We conducted experiments to check the condition of tatami burning, due to the amount of kerosene. Furthermore, we showed the evidence to get fire debris from the inside not the surface to get information about the kerosene amount.