著者

加治木 紳哉 Kajiki Shinya

出版者

宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA)

雑誌

宇宙航空研究開発機構特別資料 = JAXA Special Publication (ISSN:24332232)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.JAXA-SP-19-004, pp.1-343, 2020-03-13

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In February 1954, Japan's space research activities began with the Pencil rocket launch experiment by the Avionics and Supersonic Aerodynamics (AVSA) research groups that was a part of the Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo. This group’s members (engineers) and other institute’s researchers (scientists) formed a committee for sounding rockets and joined the international earth observation program the International Geophysical Year (IGY) from July 1957 to December 1958. Their attempts to carry out observations of the upper atmosphere, cosmic rays, and others were successful. Following the recommendations of the Science Council of Japan, the Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science (ISAS), the University of Tokyo was founded in April 1964 by the merger of the two institutes of this university, that were the Institute of Industrial Science: engineers related to space research activities, and Aeronautical Research Institute. In February 1970, ISAS launched Japan's first satellite "Ohsumi" and put it into orbit. In April 1981, based on the report of Scholarship Commission, ISAS was reorganized as an inter university research institutes directly under the Ministry of Education and started more ambitious activities. In October 2003, as part of the reformation of administration, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) was established, by integrating ISAS, the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) and the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL). This report investigates the history of ISAS, from 1960-2010, considering three perspectives: 1) Collaboration of scientists and engineers, that includes the space science staff that researched the mysteries of space and engineering staff that worked to meet their needs, 2) Activities as an inter university research institutes; and 3) Decision making process in space science missions.

著者

加治木 紳哉

出版者

科学技術社会論学会

雑誌

科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.133-154, 2008-06-30 (Released:2021-08-01)

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National projects often would not stop, even when a failure is predicted. For example, the Ministry of Transport in Japan developed a new type of a high-speed ship "Techno-Super-Liner (TSL)" and the TSL development project was considered to be "successful" technically in trial voyage. Even though its high production and operation costs were pointed out from the start, the Ministry of Transport decided to use TSL commercially, and resulted in utter failure. The author has investigated the case of TSL in detail in order to show the mechanism of this failure This paper has analyzed the background of the national project on TSL and the technical development of TSL in a technological research association. It also has shown the process towards commercialization and social and political background. The author has shown the three factors of failure. Firstly there was no mechanism to consider commercial user's real need in R&D. Secondly there was no mechanism to stop or redirect the R&D, when it was found a mismatch between those who develop technology and those who use the technology. Thirdly R&D process was vulnerable to a political intervention if there was no definite goal of R&D before the project was started.

著者

木村 宰 加治木 紳哉

出版者

研究・技術計画学会

雑誌

年次学術大会講演要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.122-125, 2007-10-27

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一般講演要旨