著者

友枝 啓泰 トモエダ ヒロヤス Hiroyasu Tomoeda

出版者

国立民族学博物館

雑誌

国立民族学博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology (ISSN:0385180X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.240-300, 1980-03-30

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In the southern part of the Central Andes there are numerousversions of a popular fox-tale, in which the fox hero travels to theheavens and crashes to the ground on his return. Some versionsend with the origin of cultivated plants which spill from the stomachof the gluttonous hero who devoured them at a celestial banquet.Dispersion after disjunction (high/low) is an invariant featurewhich characterizes story-formation (combination and functioningof tale elements) of all the versions. And this pattern recurs inthe cortamonte,o ne of the popular carnival activities in the northernpart of the Central Andes. In this activity numerous participantsin the festival fell a tall tree erected in an open square (disjunction)and rush to possess the objects with which it was decorated(dispersion).Although information on the magico-religious motive or symbolicmeaning of the Andean cortamonteis lacking, its formation is quasiidenticalwith the story of some upper Amazonian (montana) myths,which relate that humans obtained various cultivated plants fromthe fruits of an original tree which they had felled. Andeanfox-tales and the Amazonian myths thus coincide in their messageand pattern.The Amazonian myths treat not only cultivated plants but alsohuman mortality, which originates as if it were forced on those who"Chiwaco the Liar," a transformation of the fox-tale.In these versions the thrush hero, acting as spiteful mediatorbetween the celestial God and terrestial humans, is the source ofvarious aspects of human life, such as agriculture, herding, orcooking and eating. Here, man's mortality is treated indirectlyor in a reduce of form because human beings are forced to laborhard to obtain foodstuffs and their teeth, which wear-out, representman's mortality.When man participates actively in the origin process of cultivatedplants, as in the Amazonian cases, he experiences deathsimultaneously. Participating passively in the same process only asthe recipient of messages from the God, as in the chiwaco-tale,lessens his mortal experiences to a degree of labor and pains, whichgives a certain negative value to the plants derived. When he doesnot participate in the process, as in the fox-tale, only the dispersiveaspect of the origin process remains constant and seems to bestressed.Our final observation on an Andean children's play, sachatiray(cutting tree), validates these arguments.felled the miraculous tree. In the Central Andes the message ofthis simultaneous origin of cultivated plants and man's mortality istransmitted in a more attenuated form by another popular tale,

著者

藤井 龍彦 熊井 茂行 加藤 隆浩 友枝 啓泰

出版者

国立民族学博物館

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2001

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3年計画の調査の最終年度である本年度の現地調査は、短期間の補充調査にしぼった。調査の中心は、2002年秋に行われた全国的地方選挙に関して、クスコ県の地方都市のケースを具体例として、決起大会にはじまり、政策綱領の策定、選挙終了時の総括、評価、活動記録など、地方における選挙活動の実態に関する録音テープによる記録を分析し、それらのデータに基づいて現地研究協力者と意見を交換した。さらにその他のインタビュー資料も併せて、ペルーの地方政治の実態を分析した。分析結果は、現在まとめつつある、これまの分析で、都市・農村を問わず、住民の政治意識はかなり高いこと、その際の基準はあくまでも自分たちの利益にかなうかどうかであること、つまり、農民の場合、低利の融資、トラクターや肥料・農薬などの安定した供給などであり、都市住民の場合、雇用の確保、道路の建設、公設市場の運営などにある。結果として、前回の選挙もあいかわらず利益誘導型の金権選挙が幅をきかせ、一方で教会を中心とした既成の権力の介入を止めることができなかった。