著者

葛谷 健 青木 伸 一色 玄 奥山 牧夫 柿崎 正栄 門脇 孝 陣内 冨男 日比 逸郎 堀野 正治 松田 文子 宮村 敬

出版者

一般社団法人 日本糖尿病学会

雑誌

糖尿病 (ISSN:0021437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.11, pp.1047-1063, 1987-11-30 (Released:2011-08-10)

参考文献数

21

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The Adhoc Committee on Diabetic Twins was organized in the Japan Diabetes Society in 1984 to collect data on diabetic twins in Japan. During past 3 years, the Committee collected data on 87 pairs of twins, one or both of whom had diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance. Among them, 63 were monozygotic and 24 were dizygotic twins. Probands, who are defined as those who developed diabetes or glucose intolerance earlier, included 21 patients with IDDM, 56 with NIDDM, one case with diabetes of unknown type, and 9 with borderline glucose intolerance. Physicians in charge of diabetic twins were asked to fill out a form for detailed informations and some additional examinations when necessary. These data were gathered and analyzed by the Committee. The Committee ended the term in 1987 after 3 year's activity, and reports on main results obtained so far.(1) Concordance rate for diabetes in monozygotic twins was 45%(5/11) in IDDM and 83%(38/46) in NIDDM cases. In dizygotic twins, concordance rate was 0%(0/10) in IDDM and 40 %(4/10) in NIDDM cases. It was significantly higher in NIDDM than in IDDM, and in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins.(2) Concordance rate was higher in patients with the onset of diabetes above the age of 20 years than in those whose age of onset was below 20 years.(3) The period of diacordance was not shorter in discordant pairs than in concordant pairs.(4) In IDDM cases, about 90% lived together at the onset of diabetes, while more than 80% of twins lived separately in NIDDM pairs at the time of onset. This was independent of zygosity and whether they are concordant or discordant for diabetes. It is probably due to the difference of the age of onset of IDDM and NIDDM.(5) The frequency of positive family history and the prevalence of diabetes in parents and siblings other than co-twins were higher in NIDDM than in IDDM cases, irrespective of whether they were concordant or discordant.(6) The presence or absence of various complications agreed in 68-97% of concordant diabetic pairs. There were a few pairs discordant for the severity of retinopathy. In these pairs the difference in the duration of diabetes or in the degree of hyperglycemia would explain the difference in severity of retinopathy.(7) Glucose tolerance test in 6 co-twins of discordant pairs of IDDM revealed that 4 had normal glucose tolerance and 4 had normal insulin response. In 8 co-twins of discordant pairs of NIDDM, normal glucose tolerance was found in only 2 cases and normal insulin response also in only 2 cases.(8) The thyroid autoantibodies were more frequently positive in IDDM than in NIDDM patients, and the positive and negative tests agreed well between monozygotic twin pairs irrespective of concordance for diabetes. Data on islet cell antibody and HLA antigens were obtained in too few twin pairs to draw any substantial conclusions. All of IDDM patients who were tested for HLA antigens had HLA DR 4.

著者

赤沼 安夫 繁田 幸男 井村 裕夫 七里 元亮 垂井 清一郎 馬場 茂明 堀野 正治 兼子 俊男 三村 悟郎 清水 直容 内藤 周幸 中川 昌一 工藤 守 久保田 奉幸 阿部 祐五 王子 亘由 鍋谷 登 河原 啓 安東 千代 陣内 冨男 小坂 樹徳 後藤 由夫 葛谷 健 平田 幸正 伊藤 徳治 梶沼 宏 堀内 光 坂本 信夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本糖尿病学会

雑誌

糖尿病 (ISSN:0021437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.9-18, 1984

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ブタインスリンの化学的修飾によつて酵素学的畔合成されたHuman Momcomponent Insuliれの安全性, 有効性および免疫学的推移を精製ブタインスリンを対照薬剤とした二重盲検法にて検討した. 用いた製剤はいずれもActrapidおよびMonotard製剤である. 治験は96週間の予定にて実施進行中であるが, 今回は24週間まで投与し得ている症例を対象とした中間成績である. 対象は, 精製ブタインスリン製剤のみで治療されているType IおよびType II糖尿病患者153例であった. 解析は除外症例8例を除いた145例にて実施された.<BR>患者の年齢, 糖尿病病型, 肥満度, 糖尿病発症年齢, 糖尿病罹病期間および糖尿病性合併症など背景因子に明らかな偏りはなかった.<BR>全般改善度, 有用度とも精製ブタインスリン群の方で改善および有用と判定する傾向があった (0.05<p<0.1).<BR>インスリン1日用量, 空腹時血糖値およびヘモグロビンAiでは両薬剤群間に有意な差は認められなかった. 体重, 抗インスリンIgG抗体およびインスリン特異性IgE抗体でも両薬剤群間に差を認めなかった. インスリンアレルギーが治験開始1ヵ月頃に, リポアトロフィーが12週間頃に各1例ずつ認められたが, いずれも治験はそのまま継続し得た. これら以外に副作用は認めなかった. 臨床検査成績に治験薬剤によると思われる直接的な影響は認められなかった.<BR>以上より, Human Monocomponent Insulinは, 精製ブタインスリンとほぼ同様の安全性, 有用性を有しており, 糖尿病治療上, 有用なインスリンであると判断された. しかしながら両者間には作用特性に多少の差異がみられる可能性は残る. この点に関しては今後さらに検討される必要があろう.