著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.255-256, 1975

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The spider, Heteropoda venatoria, has been known to be an effective natural enemy of pest insects like cockroaches and flies. The field study on the geographical distribution of this spider was made during the periods from 1963 to 1966 and from 1972 to 1973. It covered 174 points in 42 prefectures. Results were as follows : 1. This spider was recorded at 137 points in 35 prefectures. 2. This spider was found more abundant in the southern parts of Japan, as Kyushu and Chugoku districts and in the Pacific side of Honshu Islands including many southern remote islands. 3. The northern boundary of habitats of this spider was found to lie on the area of six different prefectures, namely Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gumma, Nagano, Toyama and Ishikawa Prefecture. Those prefectures lie at 36°-38°North Latitude and in the zone of the annual mean temperature of 12°-14℃.

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.255-256, 1975-12-15 (Released:2016-09-05)

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The spider, Heteropoda venatoria, has been known to be an effective natural enemy of pest insects like cockroaches and flies. The field study on the geographical distribution of this spider was made during the periods from 1963 to 1966 and from 1972 to 1973. It covered 174 points in 42 prefectures. Results were as follows : 1. This spider was recorded at 137 points in 35 prefectures. 2. This spider was found more abundant in the southern parts of Japan, as Kyushu and Chugoku districts and in the Pacific side of Honshu Islands including many southern remote islands. 3. The northern boundary of habitats of this spider was found to lie on the area of six different prefectures, namely Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gumma, Nagano, Toyama and Ishikawa Prefecture. Those prefectures lie at 36°-38°North Latitude and in the zone of the annual mean temperature of 12°-14℃.

著者

大利 昌久 新海 栄一 池田 博明

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.111-119, 1996-06-15 (Released:2016-08-23)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

16 16

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The redback spider, Latrodectus hasseltii, is a common venomous spider in Australia. This species had not been recorded in Japan until late 1995. Large numbers of redback spiders were collected in Osaka City and in Yokkaichi City, Mie Prefecture, in November 1995. Another species of widow spiders, namely, the brown widow spider L. geometricus, was also collected in various ports : Yokohama, Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka and in Okinawa. The author has reviewed current available information on widow spiders including the life cycle, reproduction, hunting behavior, systematics and distribution of each species, etc. The invasion route of these species into Japan is also discussed. The invasion of redback spiders into Japan apparently dates back several years as frequently old, empty egg sacs have been found. There is no information on how the redback spiders survived the winter season in Japan. Fortunately, so far in Japan no biting cases have been reported.

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.225-229, 1975-12-15 (Released:2016-09-05)

被引用文献数

1 1

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The spider, Chiracanthium japonicum, has been well recognized as poisonous by common people in Japan. Especially in Tohoku, North Japan, this species has been most feared of toxic spiders and named "Kuchiguro" because of having black jaws for killing or paralyzing their prey. Eleven cases of arachnidism caused by this species were recorded during the periods from 1973 to July 1975. In the present paper, an analysis was made on total nineteen cases of arachnidism including the eight cases which had already been reported since 1956 in Japan. Results were as follows : 1. Arachnidism caused by Chiracanthium japonicum occurred from May to August with a marked peak in June. 2. Arachnidism in males was more frequent than in females and most frequent bites occurred in teenagers. 3. It was remarkable that many cases of arachnidism occurred during sleep at night by male spiders which were infesting houses. 4. The site of bites was most frequently observed in upper extremities. 5. The symptoms of arachnidism were characterized by local skin legion as continuous sharp pain, erythema, swelling, petechiae and pigmentation, and frequently combined with generalized signs of nausea, vomiting, loss of appettite, headache and shock. 6. In treating the arachnidism, it was a serious problem to relieve continuous sharp pain of biting area. The use of central analgesic such as narcotic drugs seemed to be effective.

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.153-160, 1974-09-15 (Released:2016-09-05)

被引用文献数

1 1

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A series of surveys have been carried out on the spider fauna of houses in various districts of Nagasaki Prefecture, and on the role played by various spider species as predators of house-infesting insects. In total, 45 species belonging to 37 genera and 22 families were collected, among which 29 species (24 genera and 13 families) were the weavers, and 16 species (13 genera and 9 families) were the hunters. Oecobius annulipes and Theridion tepidariorum were the most common species encounter in the houses surveys, and their seasonal changes in population density and the indoor distribution were investigated in detail. The behavior of the two common wandering spiders in houses, Heteropoda venatoria and Selenops bursarius, was specially investigated. They were found most abundantly in barns, but were also common in living rooms with straw mat floor (tatami), in corridor, in latriums and in kitchins. A variety of insect species were shown to be killed by the spiders; the preys confirmed in the present survey were the members of the orders Collembola, Blattaria, Orthoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. The cockroaches (Blattaria) were found to be caught mainly by the wandering spiders, such as H. venatoria, H. focipata and S. bursarius. Mosquitos and chironomids (Diptera) were captured by the wandering spiders such as S. bursarius, Hasarius adansoni and Plexippus paykulli, and trapped by the viscid lines of weavers. Houseflies (Diptera) were observed to be killed by most of the house spider species, especially by the wandering ones. In an observation on the predation of a wandering spider, S. bursarius, a total of 42 winged ants, 22 chironomids, 6 houseflies and 2 cockroaches were found to be sacrificed while the author had watched it for 4.5 hours every night for 11 consecutive days.

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.83-87, 1975

被引用文献数

1

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1954年から1974年の過去20年間に著者が経験した5種のクモによる10症例の刺咬症を報告した。その他既報例を合わせ9種のクモによる16症例について, クモ刺咬症の発症時期, 発症原因, 被害患者の性, 年代, 病害の程度, 治療の問題点を明らかにした。5月から8月の暖かい季節に発症し, クモを直接手で捕えようとする瞬間に受傷するのが多く, 刺咬部は四肢, とくに上肢に多い。受傷患者は10代に多く, ほとんど男性であった。全症例を病害の程度に従って無症状, 軽症, 中等症, 重症の4つに分類したが, 重症例はセアカゴケグモとカバキコマチグモの2種であった。クモ刺咬部の治療上とくに問題になったのは, 受傷後も持続する耐えがたい痛みに対する治療法で, 一般の視床, 脊髄性鎮痛剤では著効をえられなかったことである。本邦において今迄に報告されたクモ刺咬症についても考察を行った。

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.181-188, 1976-04-15 (Released:2016-09-05)

被引用文献数

3 2

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Chiracanthium japonicum is well known as a poisonous spider. The geographical distribution of the spider was studied in various localities in Japan during the period from 1959 to 1975. This spider was recognized to distribute widely in Japan. From the study on the vertical distribution at Mt. Kyoga located on the Nagasaki-Saga prefectural border, Kyushu, South Japan, they were found widely over various heights, though they were most abundant in the zone from 200 to 300m in height. Ecological field study was made on the seasonal change and habitats at the mountain of Shironokoshi in Nagasaki Prefecture during the period from March to September in 1967. The total number of 1331 spiders, which consisted of 577 male and 754 female spiders, was recorded from the survey areas. They were distributed mostly in bush, especially in Gramineae groups during the period from May to July. The laboratory observation was made on their behavior, especially on mating, breeding and hatching. Among them, it was the most dramatic behavior that the spiderlings caught and killed their mother after the second molting. The parasitic insect which was observed on the back of this spider was identified as Homonotusiwatai Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera; Pompilidae). The best method for eliminating this species to prevent arachnidism is by means of the weeding of the grass belonging to the family Gramineae at areas close to houses in April before the final molting of male spiders. Children must be taught that this spider is dangerous, because they are more often bitten than adults.

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.15-19, 1975-05-15 (Released:2016-09-05)

被引用文献数

2 4

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A study was made on the distribution and population density of the spider, Theridion tepidariorum, which is well known as one of the natural enemies of pest insects, in various localities in Nagasaki Prefecture in 1966. The number of T. tepidariorum was observed over eight different kinds of environment : forests, paddy field, farms, caves, sewers, houses (urban and suburban) and cattle barns. Their population density was highest at the inside of animal sheds and houses, in which this spider was found abandantly in the barn, kitchen and latrine. The seasonal prevalene in the house and the breeding season in three stations were also surveyed throughout a year. The peak of the population density in the house was observed in June and July. Many egg-sacs were layed in the warm season from May to August with a marked peak in June and a few in the rest seasons. The mean frequency of oviposition per female in a whole life was 3.08 and the mean number of eggs per egg-sac was 347.1. The preys of this species were insect species belonging to the orders Blattaria, Dermaptera, Isoptera, Hemiptera, Mecoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, Among them, many of the flies, chironomids (Diptera) and Blattaria were trapped by the web more frequently than any other insects.

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.361-364, 1978-12-15 (Released:2016-09-05)

被引用文献数

1 1

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An epidemiological survey by questionnaire was made on arachnidism caused by the spider, Chiracanthium japonicum, in Japan. Among 42 arachnologists and 79 medical doctors, who are interested in arachnidism, 90 researchers submitted clinical records of bite cases in response to the questionnaire. A total of 28 patients of arachnidism was reported from different prefectures including Hokkaido, Aomori, Fukushima, Iwate, Miyagi, Gumma, Kanagawa, Yamanashi, Aichi, Wakayama, Mie, Nagasaki and Saga. Analysis of these 28 cases was made in which the sex of causative spiders, seasonal frequency, age and sex distribution of patients, location bitten, site of bites, severity and duration of time suffered were examined. From this epidemiological analysis, arachnidism caused by Chiracanthium japonicum was summarized as follows : A) The arachnidism occurred very commonly in Japan during a period of four months from May to August, with a peak in June. B) During the mating season the male spiders searching for mates accidentally infest human hibitats and inflict their bites most commonly during the midnight hour while the humans are sleeping. C) The site of bites was most frequently observed in the upper extremities. D) A drastic difference is observed in arachnidism caused by male versus female spiders. Male spiders produce sharp pain at the bite while the female causes intensive itching. However, both sexes produce redness over the skin lesion.

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.139-145, 1978-06-15 (Released:2016-09-05)

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Arachnidism caused by the genus Chiracanthium has been reported from subtropical or warm temperate zones in all over the world. So far in Japan, total 50 cases of arachnidism caused by C. japonicum, which is recognized to be most dangerous, were recorded and analized epidemiologically from the medical points of view up to 1976. The investigation was made on the function and the histology of the venom apparatus for the purpose of analysing the cause of arachnidism. The venom apparatus is associated with the chelicerae or first pair of appendages of the cephalothorax. Each consists of a large basal segment and a terminal claw-like fang piecerced by the duct from the venom gland. The fang of male is about two times longer than that of female, therefore, the fangs of male was found to be able to penetrate the palmar skin of volunteer more deeper than that of female. The muscularis was found to cover the whole gland beginning from the neck of the gland. This is the bundle of fibers of striated-muscle. The basement membrane from a continuous layer under the muscularis. The two kinds of epithelial cells were observed lining the basement membrane. The first layer is formed by small and low cells with an ovarial nucleus. The second layer is formed by high columnar cells attaching on the basement membrane. Both the nuclei of the first and the second cells show the same morphological structure by the optical microscopy.

著者

中村 正聡 石原 清和 大利 昌久 鈴木 守

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.159, 1997-06-15 (Released:2016-08-20)

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.3, pp.231-237, 1996-09-15 (Released:2016-08-23)

参考文献数

32

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Determination of the chemical properties of the venom of Chiracanthium japonicum, which is well known as the most medically important spider in Japan, was studied. The venom was prepared by dissecting out the venom glands from mature female spiders. Then the glands were homogenized in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) with a glass homogenizer. The clear, viscous surpernatant obtained by centrifugation was stored in a small vial and regarded as the crude venom. This venom was fractionated on a Sephadex G-200 column. The white mice (JCL) were injected intraperitoneally with 0.2ml of different concentrations of the fractionated venom. The lethal activity was noted. Lethal activity was fractionated on a CM Sephadex C-50 column. The fractions were regarded as the purified venom. The toxic responses to mice were dyspnea, prostration, flaccid paralysis and death. The lethal activity was determined to be neurotoxic in action. The minimal lethal dose (MLD) of the purified venom for mice was 10μg. The house-fly was used for the toxicity test. The LD_<50> was 0.069μg/honsefly. The erythematic activity on rabbit hide was examined by injecting the venom intradermally. The minimal redness dose (MRD) to evoke 10×10mm size of redness in the rabbit was 0.7μg. The molecular weight of purified protein was 63,000±2,000. The toxicity to mice was completely destroyed by heating at 60℃ in 10 minutes and lost at 0℃ in five to seven days.

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2-3, pp.83-87, 1975-08-15 (Released:2016-09-05)

---

1954年から1974年の過去20年間に著者が経験した5種のクモによる10症例の刺咬症を報告した。その他既報例を合わせ9種のクモによる16症例について, クモ刺咬症の発症時期, 発症原因, 被害患者の性, 年代, 病害の程度, 治療の問題点を明らかにした。5月から8月の暖かい季節に発症し, クモを直接手で捕えようとする瞬間に受傷するのが多く, 刺咬部は四肢, とくに上肢に多い。受傷患者は10代に多く, ほとんど男性であった。全症例を病害の程度に従って無症状, 軽症, 中等症, 重症の4つに分類したが, 重症例はセアカゴケグモとカバキコマチグモの2種であった。クモ刺咬部の治療上とくに問題になったのは, 受傷後も持続する耐えがたい痛みに対する治療法で, 一般の視床, 脊髄性鎮痛剤では著効をえられなかったことである。本邦において今迄に報告されたクモ刺咬症についても考察を行った。

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.259-266, 1974-12-15 (Released:2016-09-05)

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A series of surveys have been carried out on the spider species as natural enemies of pest insects in a garden of Sakurababa-machi, Nagasaki city over a period from 1955 to 1959,and from 1963 to 1966. A total of 87 species (61 genera and 26 families) including 40 common species were recorded in the garden through the observation years. The number of spider species was found abundantly from May through August particularly. The predominant species were the spiders belong the families of Argiopidae, Salticidae and Theridiidae. Most of the spiders were distributed in the bush and on the outer walls of the house but few on the ground. The insect species which destroyed by the spiders were also recorded; the preys confirmed were insects belong to the orders of Collenbola, Odonata, Blattaria, Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Isoptera, Hemiptera, Mecoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. Especially great numbers of houseflies and chironomids (Diptera) were captured by almost all the spider species in the garden. The chironomids were trapped by the viscid lines of webs.

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.253-254, 1975-12-15 (Released:2016-09-05)

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A study was carried out on the spider fauna of houses in different environments of Nansei Islands, South Japan. In total 24 species belonging to 17 genera and 11 families were collected, among which 11 species were common spiders in houses. No dangerous spider was found in any houses in this survey.

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2-3, pp.93-99, 1975-08-15 (Released:2016-09-05)

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Surveys on spider fauna have been carried out to know the seasonal change, breeding season, habitats and role as predators of pest insects in a cattle barn and surroundings in Saga Prefecture during a period from April to October in 1968. In total, spiders observed were 53 species belonging to 46 genera of 22 families among which seven species were dominant, namely Oecobius annulipes, Theridion tepidariorum, Neoscona nautica, Nephilia clavata, Agelena limbata, Pardosa T-insignata and Oxyopes sertatus. The maximum number of spider species was recorded in June; 47 species. The preys by web-spiders were shown to be mainly the species of Diptera. The total number of preys recorded were 283 Nematoceras, 411 Bracyceras and 306 of other insects. Especially, the preys of spiders were the species of Suborder Tipulidae, Chironomidae and Muscidae (Diptera). The species of the order Nematocera were trapped by the viscid lines of the webspider, Argiopidae, especially the genus Aranea, and the species of the order Brachycera were killed mostly by web-spiders and some by hunting spiders.

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.175-178, 1977-06-15 (Released:2016-09-05)

被引用文献数

1 1

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A study was made on the predatory responses of spiders to te house fly, Musca domestica vicina, which is an important household pest. In this experiment, 123 spider species belonging to 28 families were used in total. The prey flies were captured by 91 species belonging to 20 families. Among them, 41 species (14 families, 26 genera) were recognized as the useful natural enemies because of their efficiency in capturing flies and abundance in nature. The main families capturing the flies were found to be the following three; Argiopidae, Salticidae and Agelenidae. A series of experiments was conducted to observe the feeding behaviour of the following four species; Heteropoda venatoria, Tegenaria domestica, Plexippus paykulli and Theridion tepidariorum. P. paykulli captured all 20 flies put in a cage for a seven day period. However, H. venatoria captured 15 flies out of 20 for only three day period and showed no feeding behavior after. The mean number of daily capture was 4 or 5 flies for both T. tepidariorum and P. paykulli regardless of the prey density. Whereas, the others showed the increased number of capture according to the increase of prey density. H. venatoria prefered to catch cockroaches rather than flies but P. paykulli captured only flies.

著者

大利 昌久

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.64-68, 1975 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 2

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Chiracanthium japonicum, the most common spider making house with leaf of Graminaceae, is well known as venomous for a person. During the period from 1956 to 1974, five bite cases of this species were reported from various districts in Japan. These cases were classified by the severity of clinical manifestation into four types, symptomless, mild, moderate and severe. Four bite cases in all cases were occurred by male and two bite cases were of the severe type. The most serious problem in the trearment was difficulty in relieving continuous sharp pain by any anodynes or sedatives.

著者

大利 昌久 樋山 御理男

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.281-284, 1977

被引用文献数

3

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A case of anaphylactic shock from the wasp, Vespa tropica, was recorded in Higashi-Yamanashi city, a typical agricultural area in Japan, on October 12,1976. This case was a 51-year-old female farmer who was stung on the nap by a wasp while working at her farm. Approximately ten minutes later, dyspnea and cloudiness of consciousness developed. When she was brought to hospital at twenty minutes after the wasp sting, blood pressure was unable to obtain and moist rales was audible all over the chest. At approximately 15 minutes on I. V. drip including predoning, nor-epinephrine, aminophyllin and histamics as well as on oxygen, initial symptoms were stabilized and consciousness became clear. The review of hospital charts revealed that ten patients had been treated for wasp or bee stings in the hospital of the present case during the period of October, 1975 to September, 1976. further epidemiological studies on wasp or bee stings need to be carried out. Desensitization therapy may be useful for those known to be hypersensitive to stings. It is also advisable that those especially in close contact with these insects be educated on the danger of their sting.

著者

大利 昌久 新海 栄一 池田 博明

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.111-119, 1996

被引用文献数

10 16

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The redback spider, Latrodectus hasseltii, is a common venomous spider in Australia. This species had not been recorded in Japan until late 1995. Large numbers of redback spiders were collected in Osaka City and in Yokkaichi City, Mie Prefecture, in November 1995. Another species of widow spiders, namely, the brown widow spider L. geometricus, was also collected in various ports : Yokohama, Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka and in Okinawa. The author has reviewed current available information on widow spiders including the life cycle, reproduction, hunting behavior, systematics and distribution of each species, etc. The invasion route of these species into Japan is also discussed. The invasion of redback spiders into Japan apparently dates back several years as frequently old, empty egg sacs have been found. There is no information on how the redback spiders survived the winter season in Japan. Fortunately, so far in Japan no biting cases have been reported.