著者

太田 伸幸

出版者

中部大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2007

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対人関係の4つの型(協同,競争,個人,ライバル)に分類し,この基準に基づいた尺度を作成した.次に,実際にライバルが存在する者を対象とした面接調査を実施し,ライバル認知の成立には社会的比較の対象になることと,双方向のライバル関係の成立には一定以上の親密性が必要であることを示した.そして,ライバルの概念に関して,日本の学生およびアメリカの学生を対象にしたWeb調査を実施した.因子分析を用いた検討の結果,日本人とアメリカ人とでは,競争に対する価値観が異なることが示唆された.

著者

太田 伸幸

出版者

中部大学現代教育学部

雑誌

現代教育学部紀要 (ISSN:18833802)

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.55-65, 2011-03

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本研究では場面の効果について,個人間競争と集団間競争になる条件(形式条件),場面の競争性の強さを操作する条件(成績条件,試合条件)を設定し,競争的な場面における目標志向性について明らかにすることを目的とした.大学生229 名を対象に調査を実施し,パーソナリティから目標志向性に与える影響と場面の効果について検討した.競争性が強い場面において「負けず嫌い」が,競争性がそれほど強くない場面において「過競争心」が,それぞれ勝利志向に影響を与えていた.これは,勝ちたいという意識が強い者は,競争性がそれほど強くない場面でも勝利を志向しやすいことを意味する.また,個人間競争と集団間競争の比較では,試合条件との交互作用が認められた.これは,集団間競争では他の成員の能力やチームワークを考慮して集団の能力の認知が行われるためであると考えられる.最後の試合条件では優勝の可能性があるという情報があるため高く能力を評価し,目標志向性や勝利可能性に影響を与えたと考えられる.The purpose of this study is to set up conditions for competition between individuals and competition between groups (configurational conditions) and conditions for manipulating the strength of the competitiveness in the situation (performance conditions, game conditions) with regard to situational outcomes in order to clarify the goal orientations in competitive situations. Surveys were conducted on 229 undergraduates, and the impact that personality has on goal orientations and the situational outcomes were examined. In situations with a strong competitive nature a <never give up attitude< had an impact on the orientation toward winning, while <hypercompetitiveness< had the same impact in situations where there was not all that strong of a competitive nature. This means that people with a strong conscious desire to win tend to be oriented towards winning even in situations where there is not all that strong of a competitive nature. Furthermore, in the comparison of competition between individuals and competition between groups it was observed that there is a interaction with the game conditions. It is thought that this is because with competition between groups acknowledgements of a group's abilities are carried out in consideration of the abilities and teamwork of the other members. For the final game conditions, ability was highly appraised because there was the information that victory was possible, which is believed to have had an impact on the goal orientations and possibility of winning.

著者

太田 伸幸

出版者

愛知工業大学

雑誌

愛知工業大学研究報告. A, 基礎教育センター論文集 (ISSN:03870804)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.33-43, 2004-03-31

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This study aimed to examine the rivals, the interpersonal relations that presuppose competition. Among 393 high school students (242 men and 151 women)who cooperated, 165 students had a rival and 228 didn't. Students were investigated the consciousness toward competition of themselves and their rivals. Those who did not have a rival answered about a friend instead. First, a rival was categorized into "a standard", "a target person", or "a good match". It was shown that students with a rival had higher competitive consciousness and were more positive toward competition compared to the students without a rival. However, closeness was not a significant factor, which suggested that rivals were identified as friends at the same time. Second, path analyses revealed that each rival type had different path models. As for the relations of one-sided rival cognition ("a standard" and "a target person"), significant paths were drawn toward consciousness of the subject person only, but in the case of a relation of mutual rival cognition ("a good match"), paths toward consciousness of both the subject person and his/her rival were significant. This result suggested assuming the same cognitive process as him/her also to the rival.