著者

我部 杏奈 高倉 実 宮城 政也 喜屋武 享

出版者

一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.4-10, 2020

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<p><b>Background:</b> Dental caries is the most prevalent lifestyle-related disease worldwide for children. A low socio-economic status (SES) is significantly associated with a higher risk of having dental caries. Since children spend most of their day at schools and are susceptible to the school context, oral health promotion activities in schools are recommended. Tooth-brushing after school lunch, which is one of the oral health programs in school, may help prevent dental caries regardless of their SES level.</p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The purpose of this study was to examine the association between dental caries, SES and the time of tooth-brushing after school lunch among elementary school students.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> The cross-sectional study was conducted of 43 public elementary schools under the jurisdiction of two education board offices in Okinawa, Japan in 2018. The participants were 1,248 students of fifth graders who had obtained consent from their parents or caregivers. The students' dental caries experiences were extracted from personal dental records of medical checkup in the schools. The indicator of SES was the financial assistance for education by the municipalities. The data of dental caries and SES was provided by the schools. We confirmed with school nurse teachers at each school whether tooth-brushing after school lunch was conducted or not. In addition, a self-administered anonymous questionnaire was conducted for students to obtain information on socio-demographics, lifestyles, and family relationships. Using multi-level logistic regression models, the association of SES and tooth-brushing after school lunch with dental caries were analyzed. In that case, SES, socio-demographic variables, and lifestyles were used as the individual-level variables; tooth-brushing after school lunch was used as the school-level variable.</p><p><b>Results: </b> Students with lower SES were more likely to experience dental caries than those with higher SES (OR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.24-2.38). Students in the schools not carrying out tooth-brushing after school lunch were more likely to experience dental caries than those in the schools doing it (OR: 1.8, 95%CI: 1.05-3.02). Adjusted for the individual-level and school-level variables, these findings were in the same direction.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study showed that dental caries of students were associated with SES. Additionally, toothbrushing at schools may contribute to the prevention of caries in all students attending schools.</p>

著者

高倉 実 宮城 政也 喜屋武 享

出版者

一般社団法人 日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.43-51, 2020

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<p><b>Background:</b> The leading causes of death,disease, and academic failure among youth are strongly associated with health-risk behaviors. These behaviors are started and established during childhood and adolescence, and extend into adulthood. It is important to monitor the prevalence and trends in health-risk behaviors in order to plan, implement, and assess effective prevention efforts.</p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The aim of this study was to estimate trends in health-risk behaviors among Japanese high school students in Okinawa prefecture from 2002 to 2016.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> The study samples were 2,852 students from 25 public high schools in 2002, 2,892 students from 25 public high schools in 2005, 3,248 students from 29 public high schools in 2008, 3,386 students from 30 public high schools in 2012, and 3,441 students from 30 public high schools in 2016. Data from self-administered anonymous surveys were analyzed to assess trends in the proportion of students who engaged in selected health-risk behaviors. Behaviors studied included those that contribute to injuries, cigarette use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors, dietary behaviors, and physical activity and sedentary behaviors.</p><p><b>Results: </b> There was a significant increase in motorcycle helmet use and in seatbelt use and decrease in a ride with drinking driver. In boys, having been in a physical fight showed a significant decrease. Lifetime cigarette use, early initiation of cigarette use, current cigarette use, current frequent cigarette use, and smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day decreased. Lifetime alcohol use, early initiation of alcohol use, current alcohol use, and episodic heavy drinking also decreased. Girls who have been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug by someone decreased. A significant decrease in sexual experience was detected. Those having drunk alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse also decreased. The prevalence of condom use during their last sexual intercourse increased. Girls who had first sexual intercourse before age 13 years decreased. Those having described themselves as overweight decreased. Those who have eaten vegetables during the 7 days before the survey increased, but boys who have eaten fruits during the 7 days before the survey decreased. In girls, unhealthy weight control behaviors such as the use of diet pills and forcing oneself to vomit decreased, but going without eating for over a day increased. Those watching TV for 3 hours or more per day decreased, but playing computer games or using a computer for 3 hours or more per day increased.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study shows that many health-risk behaviors among high school students in Okinawa improved between 2002 and 2016. Conversely, sedentary behavior using computer and computer games, having eaten fruits among boys, and fasting among girls deteriorated over this period.</p>

著者

上地 勝 高倉 実 宮城 政也 荒井 信成 栗原 淳 小林 稔

出版者

日本学校保健学会

雑誌

学校保健研究 = Japanese journal of school health (ISSN:03869598)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.5, pp.324-332, 2017-12

著者

宮城 政也 喜屋武 享

出版者

日本健康教育学会

雑誌

日本健康教育学会誌 (ISSN:13402560)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.372-381, 2018

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<p>目的:本研究の目的は,中学校におけるストレスマネジメントおよびアサーティブネス・トレーニングを取り入れたアンガーマネジメント教育の効果を評価することである.</p><p>事業/活動内容:授業は特別活動の時間(50分×5回)を用い「アンガーマネジメント教育をストレスマネジメントおよびアサーティブネス・トレーニングを組み合わせて」実施した.調査対象は沖縄県公立中学校1校の3年生,2クラス(アンガーマネジメント授業実施クラス:男子16名,女子19名/授業非実施クラス:男子15名,女子18名)の計68名であり,心理評価尺度における授業前後の評価,ならびに教師の授業の振り返りと生徒の自己評価を実施した.</p><p>事業/活動評価:「授業実施クラス」「授業非実施クラス」の授業前後の各心理評価尺度による変化量として,「ストレス反応」「ストレスマネジメント自己効力感」「怒り制御」については,両クラスともに差はなかった.一方,「憂うつ」については「授業実施クラス」の変化量が有意に大きく,介入クラスの「憂うつ」の低下が認められた.また,教師の授業の振り返りならびに生徒の自己評価より,生徒たちのアンガーマネジメントに関する知識・技術に関する理解が認められた.</p><p>結論:アンガーマネジメント教育の実践には,課題が認められた.しかし,ストレスマネジメントやアサーティブネス・トレーニングを組み合わせることにより,中学生の「憂うつ」の軽減が期待できた.またアンガーマネジメントスキル向上の基礎となる高次の知的能力の育成に寄与する可能性も示唆された.</p>

著者

宮城 政也 喜屋武 享

出版者

日本健康教育学会

雑誌

日本健康教育学会誌 (ISSN:13402560)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.372-381, 2018-11-30 (Released:2018-11-30)

参考文献数

24

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目的:本研究の目的は,中学校におけるストレスマネジメントおよびアサーティブネス・トレーニングを取り入れたアンガーマネジメント教育の効果を評価することである.事業/活動内容:授業は特別活動の時間(50分×5回)を用い「アンガーマネジメント教育をストレスマネジメントおよびアサーティブネス・トレーニングを組み合わせて」実施した.調査対象は沖縄県公立中学校1校の3年生,2クラス(アンガーマネジメント授業実施クラス:男子16名,女子19名/授業非実施クラス:男子15名,女子18名)の計68名であり,心理評価尺度における授業前後の評価,ならびに教師の授業の振り返りと生徒の自己評価を実施した.事業/活動評価:「授業実施クラス」「授業非実施クラス」の授業前後の各心理評価尺度による変化量として,「ストレス反応」「ストレスマネジメント自己効力感」「怒り制御」については,両クラスともに差はなかった.一方,「憂うつ」については「授業実施クラス」の変化量が有意に大きく,介入クラスの「憂うつ」の低下が認められた.また,教師の授業の振り返りならびに生徒の自己評価より,生徒たちのアンガーマネジメントに関する知識・技術に関する理解が認められた.結論:アンガーマネジメント教育の実践には,課題が認められた.しかし,ストレスマネジメントやアサーティブネス・トレーニングを組み合わせることにより,中学生の「憂うつ」の軽減が期待できた.またアンガーマネジメントスキル向上の基礎となる高次の知的能力の育成に寄与する可能性も示唆された.