著者

山田 雄三

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.205-218, 1984 (Released:2007-06-22)

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Economics has been titled“Political Economy”for a long time since the Classical School. The word economy is etymologically related to oikos (house), so in order to tell social economy, an adjective“political”(that is“social”in Greek origin) must be attached to economy. At the same time, “Political Economy”had another meaning, implicating“the science of a statesman”as Adam Smith called it, although no clear distinctions between policy and theory were observed.Alfred Marshall used“Economics”in place of Political Economy. He dealt with laws of causality in economic facts, but did not admit to give valuations for them. Even in his work on economic welfare, the thesis was to inquire into the causes of welfare (or wealth) in society, putting welfare as an objective of valuations aside.Nowadays, we find that“Political Economy”is adopted as a political science or a policy science, by some heterodox economists, especially those of Neoinstitutionalism. Among others, Gunnar Myrdal deserves to be paid attention in the methodological point of view. In his opinion, any economic thinking could not be neutral in regard to political situation, left or right. Then he asserts that it is required for a policy science to set value premises as hypotheses, not value judgements themselves, and to examine the relevance of them to the reality. The recent“Political Economy”, it seems to me, may be a way to tear off the mask of neutrality in economic thinking and to find, if any, common ground of knowledge for conflicting opinions.

著者

山田 雄三

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.193-208, 1987 (Released:2007-06-22)

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Adam Smith used the phrase‘invisible hand’only in one place in the Wealth of Nations. But his thinking expressed by this phrase is found throughout the book.The thinking of Adam Smith is not easy to be interpreted, for many sources of thought at that time have been holded in his thinking. We must tackle with problems as to religious faith versus knowledge, individual versus social and normative versus positive.After Adam Smith, most of rationalists make efforts to visualize‘invisible hand’by the formation of equilibrium theory of perfectly competitive market. However, from empirical point of view, the idea of general equilibrium in perfect competition seems to be dubious, although the idea of partial equilibrium is empirically admitted. Some interpreters insist on‘invisible hand’as the individualistic and spontaneous order without governmental interventions. But other interpreters admit intervention or planning, not wholly but partially, as far as individuals are not necessarily rational.In conclusion, it seems to me that Smithian phrase‘invisible hand’becomes a subject of discussion even today. Here, I want to refer, according to K. Popper, to the words of a greek philosopher:“Nicht vom Beginn an enthüllen die Götter uns Sterblichen alles. Aber im Laufe der Zeit finden wir, suchend, das Bess're.”

著者

山田 雄三

出版者

日本評論新社

雑誌

一橋論叢 (ISSN:00182818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.397-399, 1955-10-01

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論文タイプ||論説(一橋大学創立八十周年記念号 = Commemoration of the 80TH ANNIVERSARY of HITOTSUBASHI UNIVERSITY)

著者

山田 雄三 Yamada Yuzo ヤマダ ユウゾウ

出版者

大阪大学大学院文学研究科

雑誌

待兼山論叢 (ISSN:03874818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.p31-42, 1992

著者

山田 雄三

出版者

一橋大学

雑誌

東京商科大學研究年報. 經濟學研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.165-219, 1942-03-05

著者

山田 雄三

出版者

大阪大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2007

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イギリスのニューレフトと呼ばれる文化・政治運動が、実は1930年代に始まるモダニズムの理念や発想に基づいているという仮説を、これらの研究を通して提唱することができた。それにより、政治学や社会学で考えられてきたように、ニューレフトは冷戦構造と高学歴社会における一時的な現象であったのではなく、近代の産業構造の変化にともなう文化的な反応であったことが立証できた。とりわけ、ニューレフトが理性中心の西欧思想を批判する中で、感情の基づく新しい形式を文学やアートの制作を通して模索していた様態を明らかにすることができた。