著者

平井 雄一郎

出版者

渋沢栄一記念財団

雑誌

青淵 (ISSN:09123210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.777, pp.26-29, 2013-12

著者

平井 雄一郎

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.6, pp.792-819,856, 1996

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By a notification in 1871, the Meiji Government contrived to establish a unified national system for the relief of abandoned children. The Tokyo area, however, had its own special system, "kunai-azukari", that had its origins in the Tokugawa Era. This relief system, financed by ku and gun as autonomous government units, is reputed to have played an important role in times of social upheaval, particularly during the period of the Matsukata Deflation. On the other hand, the fact that the system far exceeded the national one in the scale of expenditure and was subject to the arbitrary control of local officials, caused conflicts with the policy of the municipal government. Study of the shomu-ka (general affairs section) documents of the old government enable us to clarify both the structure of these conflicts and the concern of the authorities over the increases in expenditure which were due mainly to the participation of particular agents, "shusennin", in the kunai-azukari system. Eventually, the local autonomous system was dissolved. In 1885-1886, the municipal government ordered that all children under the care of kunai-azukari be accommodated in the Tokyo Yoikuin (the poorhouse). Once the order had been put into action, all the related expenditures were completely incorported into the accounts of the Yoikuin. Since it is obvious that the wishes of ku and gun offices were precluded, and since all remaining resources were appropriated as a new source of funds for the Yoikuin, I conclude that the order implied a solution favourable to the municipal government. Meanwhile, it should be pointed out in reference to further study that there might be the hopes for the rationalization of "society" and "culture" held by the chairman of the Yoikuin, Shibusawa Eiichi, and other "distinguished persons" in the city.

著者

張本 姿 綱掛 恵 平井 雄一郎 小西 晴久 藤本 英夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本周産期・新生児医学会

雑誌

日本周産期・新生児医学会雑誌 (ISSN:1348964X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.476-480, 2021 (Released:2021-12-10)

参考文献数

13

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医療機関の集約化に伴い墜落分娩が生じる懸念がある.今回我々は2015年から2020年までに当院で経験した墜落分娩を,それぞれ後方視的に検討した.対象期間の総分娩数は3,678例,うち墜落分娩は16例(0.44%)であった.墜落分娩症例の自宅から当院までの距離は中央値28.5kmであった.初産婦1例,経産婦15例で,産科既往症では墜落分娩3例,切迫早産2例,早産1例の既往を認めた.児娩出から当院到着までの時間は中央値11.5分で,児は胎児異常による死産1例,低体温症5例,呼吸障害4例,多血症3例を入院時に認め,入院中4例が黄疸で光線療法を施行した.検討の結果,様々な状況で墜落分娩は生じていた.分娩前の墜落分娩リスクの把握や指導,墜落分娩が切迫している際の適切な指示や生じた際の対応について妊婦や救急隊へ指導を行うことで,墜落分娩を増加させない,あるいは墜落分娩での合併症を減らすことが大切である.

著者

平井 雄一郎

出版者

渋沢栄一記念財団

雑誌

青淵 (ISSN:09123210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.863, pp.10-13, 2021-02

著者

平井 雄一郎

出版者

校倉書房

雑誌

歴史評論 (ISSN:03868907)

巻号頁・発行日

no.753, pp.48-61, 2013-01