著者

彭 国躍 Hou Kokuyaku

出版者

大修館書店

雑誌

月刊言語 (ISSN:02871696)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.03, pp.76-85, 2005-03-01

著者

彭 国躍

出版者

神奈川大学

雑誌

神奈川大学言語研究 (ISSN:09153136)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, 2003

著者

彭 国躍 Peng Guoyue

出版者

神奈川大学言語研究センター

雑誌

神奈川大学言語研究 (ISSN:09153136)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.23-57, 2018-03-10

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Linguistic landscape (LL) is one of the most exciting, attractive growing branches in the realm of sociolinguistics. Since the end of the last century, many cases of LL have been reported from all over the world. In order to deepen the theoretical exploration and support the historical study on this field, we need more cases describing LL in various areas and periods from different perspectives. In this paper, we investigate the actual situation of the LL in early modern Shanghai through the analysis of the old photographs of Shanghai shopping districts taken during the 40 years from 1890 to 1929. First of all, we classify the shop signs into two basic types according to the kind of language, the design of the sign board, and the meaning of the words used in the LL. The one type is the Chinese traditional style which also had been used in many cities before the 19th century in China. The other is the modernized style influenced by western culture. After describing the contents of each case of the LL, we explain the characteristics of the LL from historical sociolinguistic perspectives as follows: (1) multilingual society, (2) language prestige and norm, (3) language change, (4) form of industry, (5) style of architecture, and (6) market economy.

著者

彭 国躍

出版者

社会言語科学会

雑誌

社会言語科学 (ISSN:13443909)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.33-47, 2003-03-31 (Released:2017-04-29)

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古代中国社会は身分関係の厳しい封建社会である.このような身分関係は多かれ少なかれことばの運用に反映される.『礼記』(前1世紀)の中で,身分の異なる人の死についてそれぞれ異なる表現を使い分けるように規定している.本論文は『史記』(前1世紀)を対象として死亡を表すさまざまな異形と指示対象の社会的身分との関係,および言語変異に影響を与える他の社会的要因などについて考察した.そして,『礼記』の言語規範と『史記』の言語運用との間の違いについて検証を行なった.

著者

彭 国躍 Hou Kokuyaku

出版者

大修館書店

雑誌

言語 (ISSN:02871696)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.76-85, 2005-03

著者

彭 国躍

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, pp.117-140, 1993

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It is a known fact that in early-modern Chinese there were many ways of expressing politeness, but they have not studied systematically. This paper investigates the features and the system of polite expressions in early-modern Chinese in three aspects from a pragmatic perspective. 1. Non-deictic Feature Polite expressions in Japanese have certain specific linguistic forms, such as (お, ご), but in early-modern Chinese the same politeness could be expressed by many different expressions. For instance, when calling somebody by name, Japanese will only say (お名前), but in early-modern Chinese they used "貴姓, 高姓, 上名, 大名, 賢名"etc. and polite expressions were not specified and symbolized as social deixis.2. Conversational Implicature Feature Unlike polite expressions in Japanese, those in Chinese all have clear literal meanings, such as 大(big), 小(small), 下降(descending), 登堂(ascending). The meaning of polite expressions was the conversational implicature derived from the literal meanings of these words. The author proposes an inferring process of the conversational implicatures derived from the literal meanings of polite expressions. 3. Pragmatic System The derivation of the conversational implicature of polite expressions in early-modern Chinese was governed by a set of pragmatic rules. The author proposes the maxim of evaluation which governed polite expressions in early-modern Chinese.Maxim of Evaluation: (a) give positive evaluation to the others as much as possible, (b) give negative evaluation to oneself as much as possible.The author also points out that in early-modern Chinese society, when applicable, this maxim was restrained by the following criteria as for what was positive and what was negative evaluation. 1. quality 2. nobility 3. intelligence 4. height 5. size 6. economic status For example, in the big-small criterion, one should call the interlocutor and the things belonging to him big, such as 大名(big name=your name), 大人(big person=you), 大官(big officer=you). Likewise one should call oneself and the things belonging to him small, such as 子人(small person=me), 小房(small house=my house), 小婿(small son-in-law=my son-in-law).rights:日本言語学会 著作物の原典は印刷刊行された『言語研究』に掲載されているものである

著者

彭 国躍

出版者

社会言語科学会

雑誌

社会言語科学 (ISSN:13443909)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.63-76, 2001

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本稿は主に二つの側面から中国社会言語学の研究状況を展望する.一つは80年代以降現れたことばと社会に関する三つの研究分野:社会言語学,文化言語学,民族言語学について概説し,その領域形成の歴史回顧と著書の解題をおこなう.もう一つは次の4つの部分に分けて社会言語学に関する具体的な研究テーマについて概述する.(1)言語併用と言語接触,(2)言語変異と言語意識,(3)言語規範と言語政策,(4)命名論と敬語論.最後に中国の社会言語学に見られる次のような特徴を指摘する.(1)少数民族言語や言語併用問題の研究に著しい成果が現れている,(2)歴史的,文化論的な視点による考察が目立つ,(3)数量化による実証研究より記述的研究が多い,(4)消滅の危機に瀕する言語への対応が今後急がれるべき課題として残っている.