著者

旗手 瞳

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.1, pp.38-63, 2014

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This article focuses attention on the Mgar Family, which during the late 7th century monopolized power within the Tibetan Empire (吐蕃) after it rose up on the Tibetan Plateau and embarked on the conquest of the kingdom of Tuyuhun 吐谷渾, which was accomplished in 670. Specifically, the author analyzes 1) how the Mgars were involved in ruling Tuyuhun, 2) what policies the Tufan Empire enacted after its invasion of Tuyuhun and 3) how the purge of the Mgars in 698 influenced the way in which Tuyuhun would be ruled. With respect to objective 1), Mgar Stong rtsan acted as commander-in-chief of the Tuyuhun expedition between 659 and 666; and after his death in 667, military activities in the occupied areas of Tuyuhun were commanded by his sons Mgar Khri 'bring and ^*Mgar Btsan ba. Next, regarding objective 2), after the conquest, the Tibetan Empire enthroned its own king of Tuyuhun, while at the same time embarking on a proactive agenda aiming at taking full advantage of Tuyuhun as a base of operations for the invasion of Tang China. The author argues that in the Mgars played a leading role, similar to their military command, in the implementation of this agenda. Finally, concerning objective 3), as the result of the 698 purge, the Mgar Family, which had taken charge of the Tibetan agenda for Tuyuhun, was for all intents and purposes completely removed from power, and the incident also provided the Tuyuhun people with the opportunity for a large scale estrangement from the Tibetan Empire. Consequently, the author argues that a major crisis in Tibetan rule over Tuyuhun followed from the 698 purge. After the fall of the Mgar Family, the 'Bro, Dba's and Cog ro Families took control of the Tibetan Empire's central government; and during almost every year between 706 and 714 dispatched ministers appointed from among their family members to Tuyuhun, in addition to arranging the marriage of a Cog ro woman to the king. The author argues that through these diplomatic moves, the Tibetan Empire was able to reestablish relations of trust with Tuyuhun. Consequently, around 714 the Tibetan Empire was once again able to reopen its invasion of Tang China with Tuyuhun as its front line base of operations.

著者

旗手 瞳

出版者

大阪大学

雑誌

特別研究員奨励費

巻号頁・発行日

2012

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当初、計画していた通り、英国図書館蔵敦煌チベット語文献IOL Tib J 1253の訳注を行った。この文書は敦煌が吐蕃支配下にあった時期に作成されたもので、吐谷渾人で組織された二つの千戸(新旧のカルツァチン千戸)の千戸長をめぐり、ある一族内で発生した争いを記録している。この文書はこれまで五人の研究者(F. W. Thomas, 山口瑞鳳, S. Coblin, 周偉洲, 陳践践)によって取り上げられてきたが、いずれも部分的な分析にとどまるか、あるいは吐蕃について研究が進展したことで、今日では訂正されるべき箇所が少なくない。申請者は、五人の研究を踏まえた上で、あらたな日本語訳注を作成した。と同時に、文中で問題となっている千戸がどういう過程を経て設置されたものか、また千戸長の任命が行われたかを、詳細に検討した。その結果、千戸設置は必ず宮廷ないし中央の大臣の主催する議会で決定されていたことを示した。また千戸長任命の過程で行われる推薦に、「吐谷渾王」とチベット中央から派遣されたと考えられる「吐谷渾の担当大臣」が関与していたこと、任命者は「デの大臣」であるが、その任命は中央の認可を得た上で行っていたことを示した。加えて、本文書から明らかにされた千戸長任命の過程を、吐蕃中央で行われた千戸長任命と比較することを試みた。その際、使用したのは現在もラサに残るショル碑文である。そして、両者から吐蕃の千戸長の特徴として、①千戸長は、ある人物の貢献に対する恩賞として与えられる②千戸長は世襲が保証され、実際に親子間で世襲されていた③有為な人材を得るために、千戸長の候補者は時として貢献を捧げた人物の子孫だけでなく、祖父の世代にまで遡って、その子孫も含むよう設定されたという三点を示した。

著者

旗手 瞳

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.1, pp.38-63, 2014-01-20 (Released:2017-07-31)

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This article focuses attention on the Mgar Family, which during the late 7th century monopolized power within the Tibetan Empire (吐蕃) after it rose up on the Tibetan Plateau and embarked on the conquest of the kingdom of Tuyuhun 吐谷渾, which was accomplished in 670. Specifically, the author analyzes 1) how the Mgars were involved in ruling Tuyuhun, 2) what policies the Tufan Empire enacted after its invasion of Tuyuhun and 3) how the purge of the Mgars in 698 influenced the way in which Tuyuhun would be ruled. With respect to objective 1), Mgar Stong rtsan acted as commander-in-chief of the Tuyuhun expedition between 659 and 666; and after his death in 667, military activities in the occupied areas of Tuyuhun were commanded by his sons Mgar Khri 'bring and ^*Mgar Btsan ba. Next, regarding objective 2), after the conquest, the Tibetan Empire enthroned its own king of Tuyuhun, while at the same time embarking on a proactive agenda aiming at taking full advantage of Tuyuhun as a base of operations for the invasion of Tang China. The author argues that in the Mgars played a leading role, similar to their military command, in the implementation of this agenda. Finally, concerning objective 3), as the result of the 698 purge, the Mgar Family, which had taken charge of the Tibetan agenda for Tuyuhun, was for all intents and purposes completely removed from power, and the incident also provided the Tuyuhun people with the opportunity for a large scale estrangement from the Tibetan Empire. Consequently, the author argues that a major crisis in Tibetan rule over Tuyuhun followed from the 698 purge. After the fall of the Mgar Family, the 'Bro, Dba's and Cog ro Families took control of the Tibetan Empire's central government; and during almost every year between 706 and 714 dispatched ministers appointed from among their family members to Tuyuhun, in addition to arranging the marriage of a Cog ro woman to the king. The author argues that through these diplomatic moves, the Tibetan Empire was able to reestablish relations of trust with Tuyuhun. Consequently, around 714 the Tibetan Empire was once again able to reopen its invasion of Tang China with Tuyuhun as its front line base of operations.