著者
田栗 正隆 高橋 邦彦 小向 翔 伊藤 ゆり 服部 聡 船渡川 伊久子 篠崎 智大 山本 倫生 林 賢一
出版者
日本計量生物学会
雑誌
計量生物学 (ISSN:09184430)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.2, pp.129-200, 2024 (Released:2024-04-25)
参考文献数
167

Epidemiology is the study of health-related states or events in specific populations and their determinants, with the aim of controlling health problems. It encompasses various research fields, such as cancer epidemiology, infectious disease epidemiology, and social epidemiology, molecular epidemiology, environmental epidemiology, genetic epidemiology, clinical epidemiology, pharmacoepidemiology, spatial epidemiology, and theoretical epidemiology, among others, and is closely related to statistics and biometrics. In analytical epidemiological studies, data is collected from study populations using appropriate study designs, and statistical methods are applied to understand disease occurrence and its causes, particularly establishing causal relationships between interventions or exposures and disease outcomes. This paper focuses on five topics in epidemiology, including infectious disease control through spatial epidemiology, cancer epidemiology using cancer registry data, research about long-term health effects, targeted learning in observational studies, and that in randomized controlled trials. This paper provides the latest insights from experts in each field and offers a prospect for the future development of quantitative methods in epidemiology.
著者
服部 聡士 秋本 崇之
出版者
一般社団法人日本体力医学会
雑誌
体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.4, pp.389-396, 2015-08-01 (Released:2015-07-27)
参考文献数
63

Mitochondria play a central role in energy production but also are the main cellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is widely believed that aging is related to the accumulation of oxidative molecular damage due to ROS. Aging also induces a decrease in muscle function. Recent studies indicate that caloric restriction and physical exercise suppress the decrease in muscle function though the maintaining quality of mitochondria. This review provides the current understanding of the influence of caloric restriction and exercise on mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle.