著者

柳沢 秀一

出版者

現代史研究会

雑誌

現代史研究 (ISSN:03868869)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.21-37, 2004-12-26 (Released:2019-08-10)

参考文献数

67

著者

柳沢 秀一

出版者

ロシア史研究会

雑誌

ロシア史研究 (ISSN:03869229)

巻号頁・発行日

no.82, pp.4-16, 2008-05-15

著者

柳沢 秀一

出版者

現代史研究会

雑誌

現代史研究 (ISSN:03868869)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.21-37, 2004

著者

柳沢 秀一

出版者

ロシア・東欧学会

雑誌

ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2001, no.30, pp.146-169, 2001 (Released:2010-05-31)

参考文献数

63

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On September 17, 1939 the Soviet Red Army invaded Eastern Poland, following the German invasion of Western Poland some two weeks earlier. In the occupied territory, which contained Western Ukraine (Galicia and Volhynia) and Western Byelorussia (Belarus), Poles were deported in the short period leading up to the German invasion of June 1941. It is estimated that from 250 thousand to 1.65 million Poles were subjected to deportation. This brought about a major transformation in the social and economic structure of the area.This article examines how the deportation of Poles influenced the transformation of social and economic structure in the Western Ukraine (Galicia and Volhynia) . Considering this problem, we also actress Soviet rural policies - land reform and collectivization, then explore correlation between deportation and the two policies.After annexation the People's Assembly of Western Ukraine was elected to power. On October 28, 1939 the Assembly formally announced the confiscation of land belonging to great landowners, monasteries, and state officials. By the end of 1939, 2, 753, 000 hectares of land in Galicia and Volhynia had reportedly been confiscated representing 29.9% of the total land of two regions held by landowners and monasteries.Simultaneously, the first deportation of Poles began. A decree that was issued by the Soviet government declared that Polish military settlers (osadnikis), should be removed from Western Ukraine and Western Byelorussia. In February 139, 590 people were deported to Siberia, Ural and so on. The land reform and deportation of Poles led to the increase of Ukrainian landed farmers, including middle peasants (stratum-serednyak) .In January 1940, the Soviet authorities began formal collectivization, or kolkhz (collective farm) in these regions. By June 1, there were 2, 866 kolkhz in Galicia and Volhynia, representing 205, 137 peasant households, or 12.8% of the total number of households. These households had 796, 827 hectares of land in their possession, or 14.9% of the total land in the regions. As for Galicia and Volhynia, the Soviet authorities were preoccupied with the defense of the western borderlands from 1939 to 1941.On the eve of war there were the two waves of deportation that occurred. The first mass deportation which was completed on April 1940, including families of Polish official, gendarmes, landowners. 320 thousands people were deported from Galicia and Volhynia and Western Byelorussia. At this time, including Ukrainians, that were activists and opponents to collectivization. In the second mass deportation refugees consisted of Poles (41%) and Jews (59%) . The forced deportation of Poles removed the active elements of the Polish population from Galicia and Volhynia, and brought social and economic transformation in these areas. But this could not create a material base for the collectivization of two regions. In fact collectivization did not fully materialize and land reforms continued. On March 241941, on official land reform decree was issued.As a result, in Galicia and Volhynia, the deportation of Poles, especially active elements, such as osadniki created a material base for the increasing number of Ukrainian peasant arriving. This led to a major transformation in the social and economic structure, “depolonization”, of these regions.

著者

柳沢 秀一

出版者

ロシア・東欧学会

雑誌

ロシア・東欧学会年報 (ISSN:21854645)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.26, pp.102-109, 1997 (Released:2010-05-31)

参考文献数

31

著者

北川 清隆 柳沢 秀一郎 山田 哲也 三原 美晴

出版者

富山大学医学会

雑誌

富山大学医学会誌 (ISSN:18832067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.27-29, 2006

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両眼瞼下垂を訴えた59歳,女性に対し,alpha adrenergic agonistである5%フェニレフリン及び1%アプラクロニジンの点眼試験を行ったところ,眼瞼下垂は改善した。alpha adrenergic agonistである0.1%ジピベフリンの点眼で加療したところ両眼瞼下垂は改善した。眼瞼下垂を来たす症例において,alpha adrenergic agonistである0.1%ジピベフリンの点眼が有効な場合があると思われた。

著者

柳沢 秀一

出版者

ロシア史研究会

雑誌

ロシア史研究 (ISSN:03869229)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, pp.4-16, 2008-05-15 (Released:2017-07-25)

著者

柳沢 秀一

出版者

現代史研究会

雑誌

現代史研究 (ISSN:03868869)

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, pp.21-37, 2004

著者

柳沢 秀一

出版者

上智大学大学院グローバル・スタディーズ研究科国際関係論専攻『コスモポリス』編集委員会

雑誌

Cosmopolis = コスモポリス (ISSN:18822967)

巻号頁・発行日

no.6, pp.23-33, 2012