著者
橋本 嘉代
出版者
お茶の水女子大学大学院人間文化創成科学研究科
雑誌
人間文化創成科学論叢 (ISSN:13448013)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, pp.339-347, 2010

From the 1950s to the 1980s, only a few articles about married women's paid work were featured in Japanese women's magazines. After the 1990s, however, these articles began appearing these magazines as a major topic. This study analyzed the tripolarization in definition of labor drawn from women's magazines at the end of the 1990s. The first type of magazines targeted married women whose household incomes were low, and thus, looking for part-time jobs to improve their household economic situation. The second type of magazines targeted full-time housewives, whose household incomes were high and who drew their success as instructors of their specialized hobbies. The third type of magazines targeted career women engaged in full-time jobs earning high incomes. It is difficult to obtain full-time job for married women having small children, but part-time jobs are frequently bored and lowly paid. Women's magazines published during this period focused on various role models that women were able to aspire to and model themselves after.
著者
橋本 嘉代
出版者
お茶の水女子大学生活社会科学研究会
雑誌
生活社会科学研究 (ISSN:13410385)
巻号頁・発行日
no.19, pp.1-14, 2012-10

日本では1990年代後半に少子化が社会問題となり,政府は父親・母親が育児に共同参画すべきという啓発・広報活動に力を入れ始めた.その後,2005年か\ら2006年に,育児期の男性を対象とする雑誌の創刊ブームが起こった.仕事中心の生活をしてきた自らの父親とは異なり,私的領域を充実させるという新たな生き方を求められ始めた男性たちに向けて,それらの雑誌では,父親が家族と過ごす休日を楽しむための情報や家族関係,子どもの教育などの情報が提供されている.これは出版産業において父親という新たなオーディエンスが出現したということといえる.父親たちはメディアサービスの消費者であるが,それと同時に,出版社によってその属性が細かく把握され,広告主に売り渡される「商品」でもある.\本研究では,現在,育児期の男性を対象とする雑誌でどのような言説が商品として流通し,また,どのような父親像がオーディエンスとして商品化してい\るかを,4つの雑誌の編集方針と2007年・2009年・2011年に発行された号を対象とする言説分析を通じ,明らかにしようと試みた.その結果,これらの雑誌の言及分野は「教育・しつけ」と「消費・遊び」に二分化され,「教育熱心な父親」「消費を楽しむ父親」がオーディエンスとして商品化される傾向が強いことが明らかになった.\しかしながら,父親たちは,「娯楽サービスの消費者かつ広告主に売られる商品」というだけではなく,育児に関与したり父親としてライフスタイルを楽しむという文化生産活動を行う主体でもある.日本の男性の育児休業取得率は国際的にみれば低水準であるが,2011年度は2.63%と少ないながらも過去最高値を示している.また,できれば育児休業を取得したいと希望する父親が多いという調査結果もある.理想と現実のギャップを埋めるのには時間がかかるかもしれないが,メディアが文化レベルで「育児する父親」のロールモデルを描き続けることが,父親たちの行動を後押しすることにつながると思われる.In the late 1990s, with Japan's declining birth rate becoming problematic, the Ministry\of Health, Labour and Welfare conducted a PR program to change public sentiment on parental responsibilities and began to promote a philosophy that embraced cooperation\and equality of responsibility. Then, from 2005 to 2006, a variety of new magazines\targeted at men raising children appeared in response to a new trend of focus on work-life\balance. In contrast to the situation of their forefathers, who were tied up with work, this new generation of men found enrichment in their personal lives and came to follow the lifestyles and emulate the role models presented in such magazines and other publications. In this way, fathers became a new audience created by media companies. Readers of these magazines became media service consumers and a commodity among primarily advertising-funded media.\In this research, I analyzed articles from four magazines on fatherhood aimed at men\with children to determine what kind of role models the media presents to males of this\generation, who are redefining themselves in today's modern era. In previous research, it\was discovered that the main focus of modern fatherhood in the media seemed to be on\magazines specializing in education at home. However, the results of this analysis showed\that other topics, such as leisure-time fashion for young fathers and information about playing with children are now given increasing focus. This audience as a media-created commodity is thus divided into two patterns ‒ fathers enthusiastic about education for their kids, and fathers who enjoy leisure-time consumption with their families. Although fathers are not the only commodity audience, they can enjoy leisure time with their families and relish childrearing.\The percentage of men taking paternity leave in Japan reached a record high in 2011 -\although this "high" was only 2.63 percent. According to an NPO survey, many fathers\would like to take longer periods of such leave. Against this background, it can be said\that the media is capable of bringing about a change in the actual activities of fathers by\presenting role models of those who value their families at a certain level of culture.