著者

清水 右郷

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.85-1, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-09-30)

参考文献数

34

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The concept of “trans-science” has been widely used thanks to contributions from science, technology, and society scholars but sometimes interpreted arbitrarily. I examine original and current usage of the concept and then propose a new definition of it. “Trans-scientific questions” were originally defined as questions of facts which cannot be answered by science, while the standards of unanswerability in science were not definite. Nowadays Japanese scholars invoke “transscience” to claim that scientists should not answer political questions. My proposal is to remake the definition of “trans-scientific questions” in order to accept both original and current usage.

著者

清水 右郷

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.111-121, 2019-10-25 (Released:2019-10-24)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

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Philosophers of science have distinguished epistemic values from other values. The former are relevant to scientific evaluation, while the later are legitimate bases to address ethical, social, and political issues. Given such a classification, experts should normally respect both scientific rationality and ethical soundness. How about situations where these values are conflicting? If the priority of epistemic values could be a cause of ethical issues, what is right action? This is the central theme of the controversy over randomized controlled trial and clinical equipoise. From the existing literature on the controversy, I found out two types of strategies to resolve the dilemma. After looking into how epistemic values and ethical values relate in each strategy, I will make a few general suggestions about norms for scientific research.

著者

清水 右郷

出版者

名古屋大学

巻号頁・発行日

2022

著者

清水 右郷

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.155-158, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-03-31)

著者

清水 右郷

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.77-87, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-09-30)

参考文献数

13

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Various research findings about conflict of interest (COI) converge on the worrisome influence of COI on research results. This paper aim to diagnose problems of current institutional safeguards against the influence of COI and then suggest how to improve them. I will summarize the findings about the influence of COI and the safeguards against it. At the same time, I will give the diagnosis that the lack of reliable COI risk assessment is a crucial deficit. Therefore, my proposal is a way to implement scientfic COI risk assessment, which is based on the previous works in philosophy of science and risk study.