著者

高野 徹

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.67-76, 2019-04-25 (Released:2019-04-26)

参考文献数

18

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Over 200 cases of juvenile thyroid cancer have been found in Fukushima since 2011. This phenomenon is now regarded to be caused by overdiagnosis of self-limiting thyroid cancer which exists at high prevalence in the young. The overdiagnosis was caused by the thyroid screening with ultrasonography (US), which also caused overdiagnosis in Korea. For many reasons, the thyroid screening program in Fukushima is still ongoing without any changes. The majority of residents in Fukushima still request to continue the program since they are not informed about the harms of this program. Since the US examination is performed as one of the school program, the rate of participation by schoolchildren is over 90%, which has resulted in expansion of the disaster. The Fukushima thyroid cancer disaster provides us a valuable opportunity to reconsider about medical ethics.

著者

五十嵐 泰正

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.129-135, 2019-10-25 (Released:2019-10-24)

参考文献数

16

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For examining the remaining reduction of demand and price slump in some farm and marine products of Fukushima prefecture after 7 years of the nuclear disaster, it is necessary to articulate the interrelated three aspects of (risk) judgements made by the market, society, and individuals. After clarifying the aspect of the market where the efficacy of scientific risk judgement is limited, this study will discuss the relationship between social and individual risk tradeoff concerning food from Fukushima, and point out the importance of socially respect for self-determination in reference to the Norwegian case.

著者

岸本 充生

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.237-242, 2020-05-25 (Released:2020-05-26)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper, I considered the novel coronavirus pandemic as general as possible from the aspects of emerging risks and the relationship between science and policy. For the former, it was proposed to institutionalize mechanisms such as national risk assessments carried out in other countries, and for the latter, to visualize the process from scientific facts to the determination of risk management measures. In addition, responding to the novel coronavirus requires the involvement of experts not only from a medical point of view, but also from a behavioral point of view.

著者

永井 孝志

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.145-152, 2013 (Released:2014-05-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

4

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This article introduces a concept of “solution-focused risk assessment (SFRA)” to propose a specific vision of collaboration between risk assessors and risk managers. SFRA can evaluate the risk reduction outcome and cost-effectiveness of possible risk management options (solutions). The opening question should not be “How bad is the problem?” but “How good are the solutions we might apply?”, because we can think about solutions before we fully understand the problem (risk). The needs of SFRA were discussed by taking risk management deficits regarding radioactive substances in food as an example. Then, the pros and cons of SFRA were discussed. The notable benefit of SFRA is giving stakeholders opportunities to understand the possible solutions. After that, the history of functional separation of risk assessment and management was reviewed. Finally, some specific examples of application of solution-focused risk assessment were given from dichloromethane as paint remover, acrylamide in food, mercury in fish, and ecological risk by pesticide use.

著者

甲斐 倫明

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.83-89, 2015 (Released:2015-09-28)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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This paper will review current radiological protection (RP). Risk concept has been proposed in the light of precautionary principle since 1950's, although RP philosophy has been historically built partly based on scientific evidence. RP uses the risk estimate of cancer obtained by epidemiological studies. Linear-Non-Threshold (LNT) models assume there is some probability no matter how low dose is received, since convinced evidence has not been established on radiation risk at low-dose and low-dose rate. How to apply the risk concept is a key issue in radiological protection. RP introduces three fundamental principles such as justification, optimization and dose limitation. Furthermore, RP uses a situation-based approach where planned, emergency and existing exposure situations are defined. In an existing exposure situation after the Fukushima accident, reference levels can be applied to drive risk reduction using protective actions such as evacuation and foodstuff restriction. The risk concept can explain why the dose limits used in a planned exposure situation should not be applied in terms of risk-tradeoff.

著者

阿部 修治 長沢 順一

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.231-240, 2013 (Released:2014-05-30)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1

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An overview is presented on the comparison between asbestos and nanofiber from the viewpoint of risk perception. After reviewing various fundamental concepts related to fibers, it is pointed out that asbestos and nanofiber have significant differences in size and structure, although both fall into the category of respirable fiber. The results of hazard evaluation for asbestos and related fibers show significant variability among materials, thus making a simple extrapolation of previous knowledge to nanofiber impossible. Therefore, the risk analysis of various nanofibers, such as carbon nanotubes, needs to be carried out for individual classes with specific size, shape, and other structural characteristics. Towards this end, an increasing number of toxicological studies are indeed under way, especially for carbon nanotubes.

著者

島田 洋子 伊藤 慶彦 米田 稔 森澤 眞輔

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.25-32, 2012 (Released:2012-07-26)

参考文献数

37

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Before the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, radionuclide like 137Cs released from atmospheric nuclear detonation tests and the Chernobyl accident has been transported worldwide in the environment and finally taken up by humans through various pathways. In this research, dietary intake of 137Cs and the health risks caused by prolonged radioactive global environment contamination were evaluated age-dependently for the reference Japanese since 1945 until 2010 by using the mathematical model for the evaluation of global distribution of 137Cs with food ingestion and domestic and international food supply model. The model estimates were compared with the monitoring data of 137Cs in Japanese total diet and 137Cs concentration in food as an attempt at validation. The results of this evaluation would be useful for understanding the background situations without the Fukushima accident and give important information for the radiological health risk assessment of the accident.

著者

甲斐 倫明

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.143-144, 2010 (Released:2010-11-19)

著者

清水 右郷

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.111-121, 2019-10-25 (Released:2019-10-24)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

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Philosophers of science have distinguished epistemic values from other values. The former are relevant to scientific evaluation, while the later are legitimate bases to address ethical, social, and political issues. Given such a classification, experts should normally respect both scientific rationality and ethical soundness. How about situations where these values are conflicting? If the priority of epistemic values could be a cause of ethical issues, what is right action? This is the central theme of the controversy over randomized controlled trial and clinical equipoise. From the existing literature on the controversy, I found out two types of strategies to resolve the dilemma. After looking into how epistemic values and ethical values relate in each strategy, I will make a few general suggestions about norms for scientific research.

著者

関澤 純 甲斐 倫明

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.23-27, 2017-11-25 (Released:2017-11-28)

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A panel discussion with media was conducted in the 29th annual meeting of SRA Japan. The panel discussed how to collaborate between media and experts on risk issues. The background of the panel discussion is as follows: Modern society is confronted with diverse risks. The role of media is to report news timely and clearly. Psychological and ethical aspects are closely related with risk although the risk is quantitative for uncertain information. The uncertain aspects with diverse views on risk issues have blocked the difficulties of media reports to help people act properly to face the risk. In order to solve the problems, we should continue to think how to collaborate between media and experts.

著者

辻 さつき 神田 玲子

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.2_33-2_45, 2008 (Released:2012-08-22)

参考文献数

15

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Risk assessment of technologies and social activities involves subjective judgment as one of its components, which depends on the perception of risk by individuals. In the present study, we undertook a survey of public perceptions regarding the social issues and risks, the images of radiation, and acceptance of its application and health risk.The majority identified global warming as highly risky among social issues related to technology, and smoking among health-damaging issues, but not radiation-related items such as natural radiation, artificial radiation, and X-ray/CT examinations. In general, a sexual distinction was observed regarding perceptions of sick house and food safety. Forty percent of the public inaccurately believed that the main source of daily exposure was nuclear facilities. Many citizens associated the word of radiation with medical exposure, death/damage/disease and nuclear weapon including A.bomb, and connected the health effects of radiation with cancer and leukemia. However, majority did not bring up any image from the terms of “radiation” and “health effects of radiation”

著者

村上 道夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.41-42, 2018-09-25 (Released:2018-10-19)

著者

小島 直也 東海 明宏 中久保 豊彦

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.131-138, 2015-12-25 (Released:2015-12-28)

参考文献数

24

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It is thought that penetration of Next Generation Vehicle (NGV) will decrease human health risk by air pollution, however it is unknown that increasing of electric demand by using Electric Vehicle (EV) caused risk transference, a type of risk tradeoff, around thermal power generations. We aim to construct the model that can show human health impact distribution by both electric production and transportation considering NGV penetration. We applied this model for (re-)estimating NOX density to 3 cases with the composition of 2010 and 2030 (future) passenger vehicles. Results show that (1) in the case of 39% EV prevalence, the number of patient who has respiratory disease decreased 486.4 people, and (2) from the comparison with the case of 10% EV prevalence, there was not risk transference like increasing patients around electric plant. And such benefit mainly enjoyed people in metropolitan area.

著者

久保 英也

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.233-236, 2020-05-25 (Released:2020-05-26)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

著者

松岡 猛

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.79-81, 2015 (Released:2015-09-28)

参考文献数

15

著者

金澤 伸浩 田中 豊 小山 浩一 内藤 博敬 伊川 美保 中山 由美子

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.243-249, 2020-05-25 (Released:2020-05-26)

参考文献数

35

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It is required to make risk education popular to improve risk literacy of citizens. Although several kinds of risk education programs have been developed, the effect of the education by those should be evaluated and the method to measure risk literacy was not established. Therefore, measurement scales of the risk literacy have been developed through web-based questionnaire research. As the result, measurement scales have been established consisting of six factors; zero-risk bias, trade-off on risk versus benefit, trade-off on risk versus risk, paradox on risk perception, basic knowledge on risk and risk perception bias. The scales consisted of four questions for each factor express the factors well. The scales are thought to be useful for improving risk education program and risk communication.

著者

保高 徹生

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.171-175, 2020-03-25 (Released:2020-04-02)

参考文献数

13

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In this paper, we discussed the role of the risk analysis for recovery activity for big environmental disaster, such as the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power accident. We reported on the result of the cost and risk analysis for decontamination, scenario evaluation of applying the volume reduction technology, re-use and final disposal of contaminated soil, decision making and communication and what is important for the next large-scale environmental disasters.

著者

三浦 尚之 渡部 徹 藤井 健吉 金谷 祐里 田中 宏明 村上 道夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.71-81, 2018-05-25 (Released:2018-06-09)

参考文献数

44

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In developed countries with water supply and sewerage systems, risk of waterborne infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria has been controlled at a certain level employing the water quality standards using fecal indicator bacteria. However, behavior of viruses and protozoa in water treatment processes or environmental water is different from those of indicator bacteria, and a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach for the management of risk from specific pathogenic microorganisms has been used in the U.S., etc. In this review article, we overview the waterborne microbial risk studies on the leading edge with pointing out some critical issues in this field. The topics include environmental survey on microbial contamination, risk assessment and modeling, risk management, and risk communication.

著者

海上 智昭 田辺 修一 渡辺 美香 相川 沙織 須藤 啓介 岡村 信也

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.4, pp.199-218, 2012 (Released:2013-06-04)

参考文献数

104

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The early 1920s was an epoch making era for research on disasters, especially in the behavioural/ social science research areas. Since the first behavioural/social scientific research on disasters was tailored by Prince in 1920, research on disasters has gained popularity and importance over time with a substantial amount of literature exploring the interaction between human society and disasters. By tracing how the term “disaster” has evolved and shifted over time, the authours identify key trends in behavioural/scientific approach to disasters. The authours present a selective overview of research on disasters to synthesize the insights of the past research, and move in the direction of presenting a clear answer for the old yet new question of what disaster is and what it means. Possible directions for future research were also discussed.