著者

エンケ ホルワ 夏目 欣昇 濱田 晋一 麓 和善

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.790, pp.2755-2766, 2021-12

被引用文献数

1

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<p> Since BC, cities have been constructed on the Mongolian Plateau with the establishment of dynasties, but most turned to ruins. However, the Tibetan Buddhist temples built after the 16th century, which are an indispensable element in the process of Mongolians settling down from nomadic life, have been relatively well preserved in Inner Mongolia. These temples are considered the epitome of the Mongolian economy, culture, art, and construction technology of the time. Therefore, there is great value and significance in researching them systematically. Interestingly, these temples originated from Inner Mongolia, the southern part of Mongolia. The architectural design of these temples has been largely influenced by Chinese and Tibetan temple architecture and is therefore considered an important sample for studying temple architecture in both Mongolia and East Asia. Yet, there is still no systematic study on this subject. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the arrangement plan, which is the most important aspect in the design and first stage of temple construction of Inner Mongolian Tibetan Buddhist temples. </p><p> In this study, 30 well-preserved temples, that were constructed between the end of the Northern Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty were selected as the object of this research. Firstly, the temples were divided into different levels according to the historical background of the temples. Further, the temple buildings were also classified based on their functions. Lastly, the arrangement plan has been modeled, which was also classified into a series of different types to further clarify the characteristics of the arrangement of the Inner Mongolian Buddhist temples. </p><p> Results-wise, this study suggests that these temples could be divided into three levels: Province Level, League Level, and Banner Level. Furthermore, there were 56 kinds of temple buildings among these 30 temples, which were divided into 3 types according to their functions. In accordance with the main buildings among the 56 classifications, the arrangement form of the temple has shown to be divided into Integrated Type and Separated Type. Importantly, Integrated Type could be divided into more detailed types like Symmetric Type and Asymmetric Type. The characteristic arrangement plans of these temples in different regions have been clearly found through a comparative analysis of each level's temple arrangement of various types. Surprisingly, the reason behind the characteristics has been initially discovered during this study. </p><p> In conclusion, this study presents a classification of arrangement characteristics of Buddhist temples of Inner Mongolia, based on arrangement plans in a variety of temples in Inner Mongolia. Finally, this research also provides a foundation for further studies on Mongolian temple architecture. </p>

著者

正宗 淳 濱田 晋 下瀬川 徹

出版者

一般財団法人 日本消化器病学会

雑誌

日本消化器病学会雑誌 (ISSN:04466586)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.8, pp.1464-1473, 2015-08-05 (Released:2015-08-05)

参考文献数

44

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慢性膵炎が膵癌のリスクファクターであることは,疫学研究により確立されている.メタ解析によると,慢性膵炎の膵癌リスクは一般人口に比べて13.3倍,慢性膵炎の診断2年以内の膵癌症例を除いた場合でも5.8倍とされる.特に遺伝性膵炎では69倍と非常に高い.発癌メカニズムとしてK-ras変異の重要性や間質細胞との相互作用,細胞老化(senescence)回避機構の関与が明らかとなりつつある.一方,実臨床において慢性膵炎に合併した膵癌を早期発見することは容易ではない.慢性膵炎に合併した膵癌に特異的な所見はなく,断酒や禁煙などによる炎症のコントロールが,膵癌予防という点からも重要である.