著者

片岡 信之

出版者

龍谷大学経営学会

雑誌

竜谷大学経営学論集 (ISSN:09183434)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.30-44, 2004-06

著者

片岡 信之

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

經營學論集 第89集 日本的経営の現在─日本的経営の何を残し,何を変えるか─ (ISSN:24322237)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19-28, 2019 (Released:2019-09-26)

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日本的経営が経営学の世界で議論に上ったのは第二次世界大戦後,しかも1950年代であった。それは日本企業が漸く戦後復興を遂げ,外国から注目されはじめた頃であった。それ以来,日本経済や企業の発展過程で時と共に,環境変化の中で,日本的経営概念は,当初の終身雇用,年功制,企業内組合,集団主義,企業内福祉制度,経営家族主義,人間主義などという内包から常に外延(射程)を拡大してきた。そのことは日本的経営研究の方法についても,反省を迫っている。日本的経営は(一般経営学のアメリカ経営学派,ドイツ経営学派と並ぶ),一般経営学の日本経営学派であるとする藻利重隆の所説に立ち返って,日本的経営概念を当初の狭い外延の議論から,もっと広範囲の経営分野に及ぶ広義の日本的経営論に転換しなければならない。日本的経営学は,①一般経営学的内容と②日本的に特殊な内容の2つを一体的に内包する学問である。本稿では,そのことを具体的に述べようとした。

著者

片岡 信之

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

經營學論集 71 (ISSN:24322237)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.35-43, 2001-09-01 (Released:2017-08-01)

著者

片岡 信之

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

no.93, pp.147-160,L16, 1990

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Sufficient attention has not paid to the reproduction of labor in the literature of the capitalist world-system. But recently we can see a growing recognition of the fact that the availability of appropriate labor power is of primary importance for the accumulation of capital in a particular region. For example, international labor migration as one of the various forms of 'the global labor supply system' has attracted the increasing interest of international economics students.<br>This paper, inspired by this trend, attempts to analyze what I call 'the mechanisms of externalizing the cost of labor reproduction' in the capitalist world-system. The relative cheapness of available labor, in addition to its quantity and quality, constitutes one of the essential requirements of an appropriate labor supply. Labor has been made cheap by imposing part of the reproduction cost upon the so-called 'non-capitalist' spheres.<br>On such mechanism is the 'functional dualism' between the capitalist sector and the rural subsistence economy in peripheral economies. The process of disintegration in the rural subsistence sector has been constrained, since this sector assumes the costs reproducing new generations of workers and absorbs those that have become redundant in the capitalist sector. This 'subsidy' paid by the subsistence sector is translated into the extremely low wages which characterize the peripheral economies.<br>Marxist feminism has emphasized the similar mechanism between the market and the home in center economies. Wage is only a monetary cost of reproduction and requires a lot of unpaid domestic work to accomplish a reproduction of labor meeting the hard demand of center economies. This non-monetary 'subsidy' overwhelmingly assumed by women helps lower the wage level relatively.<br>The present restructuring of the world economy called 'the new international division of labor' can be seen also as a restructuring of 'the mechanisms of externalizing the cost of labor reproduction.' The rural subsistence enclaves in the Third World are diminishing and the expanding informal sector in 'hyper-urbanized' cities functions as a substitute for the rural sectors. The penetration of transnational corporations caused and/or facilitated this transformation, indirectly through the cultural change of Third World societies, and directly through the employment of rural young women into TNCs' 'world market factories.'<br>Most women in these factories are fired around the age of 24. After that they tend to emigrate to developed countries where more and more cheap labor is needed because of the 'informalization' now under way in the process of industrial restructuring, or disappear into the informal sector of Third World cities.<br>Women have always disproportionately assumed the burden of externalized reproduction costs and the restructurings of these mechanisms have historically pivoted on women. This is true in the latest global restructuring which is at the same time a restructuring of the international political economy. Marxist feminism has much to offer concerning this.