1 0 0 0 OA 「公然と憲法に違反」―立憲主義、違憲審査制、中国憲法
- 著者
- 石塚 迅
- 出版者
- 一般財団法人 アジア政経学会
- 雑誌
- アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.66, no.3, pp.103-118, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-09-12)
- 参考文献数
- 41
In this paper, on the 30th anniversary of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, I reexamined the connection and disconnection between the modern constitutionalism in western Europe and the Chinese constitution (thought and system). The constitutional review was employed as the focal point in this discussion.First, the constitutional review has two meanings: the protection of human rights and the protection of constitutional order. The constitutional review is one of the crucial elements of constitutionalism. Its system and operation are a measure of realization and retention of the constitutionalism.Second, the Chinese constitution enacted in 1982 was based on the bitter experiences of the Cultural Revolution. In order to protect human rights and constitutional order, various discussions were held to decide what kind of constitutional review system was to be established. Furthermore, the Chinese government and CCP rejected the judicial review and chose their own version of constitutional review that is carried out by the People’s Congress.Finally, there is a gulf between the modern constitutionalism in western Europe and the Chinese constitution. The Chinese constitution imposes the duty of upholding and abiding by the constitution not only to the government but also to its citizens. At the same time, it is reluctant to ensure the relativity of individuals’ values. At the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, the Chinese government and CCP criticized the students and intellectuals for joining the protest and openly violating the constitution. This accusation symbolizes the gap between the modern constitutionalism in western Europe and the Chinese constitution.
1 0 0 0 OA 権威主義体制と市場を媒介する法と政治--中国的メカニズムの解明
国家と市場の間の市民社会に射照することにより、中国の権威主義的政治と市場経済という組合せが、いかなる構造によって接合されているかを解明した。民間組織は意図的に不安定な法的地位におかれ、自主的活動空間を偶然的にしか与えられず、社会は政治に飼い慣らされている。共産党が国家、市場ばかりか、社会にまで浸透し、国全体を覆い尽くす存在として君臨し続けている。しかし、悪化する環境、労働、差別、弱者、食品安全の問題など、政治制度と経済システムの軋みは、外部不経済となって拡大し、有効な処方箋の提示が急務である。政治の民主化によるミスマッチ解消というシナリオはなお見通せず、宛てなく徘徊を続けている。