著者

石橋 弘之

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.155-204, 2010-09-30

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Cardamom (Amomum kravanh) has been used as a medicinal plant, a food and as a source of revenue in the Cardamom Mountain region in south west Cambodia, from at least the late 19th century. Harvesting of this plant entailed a ceremony to open the season, conducted by a harvest leader (dângkhaw), who took responsibility in leading the harvest group in harvest activities. Production of this plant was also controlled by the then French colonial government in order to secure state revenue by reforming the taxation system and organizing a marketing cooperative system managed by local administration which used a similar system in 1950s and 1960s.However, the use of cardamom was interrupted in 1970s and 1980s due to civil war that broke out under the Pol Pot regime. Although its use and management restarted after the establishment of a new government in 1990 alongside the creation of protected forest in 2002 through conservation activities, the author has observed that its use has changed and diversified between both the northern and southern part of the central mountains. That is in the north, ceremony, harvest and selling is still practiced, whereas in the south, people don't practice ceremony and are inclined to refrain from harvest and selling.This paper will explore how the use of cardamom differed and changed due to historical transitions and social and environmental conditions between the two research sites correlating it with the harvesting leader, marketing system and conservation activities. It then discusses factors effecting its continuous use.The following two points were the core internal factors that supported the continuous use of cardamom in the northern part of the mountains. (1) A fundamental system for practicing harvest custom formed by interaction between characteristics of dângkhaw (a. Commitment to on the ground activity, b. A hereditary role in transferring knowledge and experiences among kin, c. The adjustment of the harvesting period to collect well ripened fruits with a good market price) and the environmental setting of the area where cardamom was abundant. (2) The dângkhaw and his family who managed this system reconstructed and maintained harvest customs even under conditions of rapid social change and historical transitions. In addition to this, (3) External intervention through the introduction of a marketing system and conservation activities that linked with the internal harvesting system, formed a system connecting both the inside and outside world of the community through maintaining conditions for selling the harvest.

著者

高橋 卓也 内田 由紀子 石橋 弘之 奥田 昇

出版者

日本森林学会

雑誌

日本森林学会誌 (ISSN:13498509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.2, pp.122-133, 2021-04-01 (Released:2021-06-26)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

3

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森林に関わる主観的幸福度を測定し,得られた結果とその要因について検討した。滋賀県野洲川上流域を対象として,2018年に一般世帯を対象とするアンケート調査を実施した。因子分析の結果を踏まえ,森林に関する幸福度を満足度,充実感,プラスの感情,マイナスの感情の4種類に分類し,森林との関わりについての説明変数等による回帰分析を行った。農業,林業への従事は森林充実感と,個人所有林およびボランティアでの森林管理は森林満足度や充実感と正の相関が見られた。一方,地元の山の森林管理はプラスの感情と負の相関を示した。居住地域の森林比率と幸福度との間の相関は特定できなかった。森林所有は4種類すべての森林幸福度と負の関係が見られたが,これは森林の資産価値が低下し,森林管理の負担感が大きくなっていることを示すものと推測される。森林資源の量的な再生がある程度達成され,質的な面での改善が求められている日本の現状において,個々人が森林とどのように関わり,個人およびコミュニティの幸福度をいかに促進するか検討する上で,森林幸福度の構造的な(種類別の)把握が政策課題としても必要とされることを論じる。