著者

秋風 千恵

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.53-69,235, 2008-02-29 (Released:2015-06-06)

参考文献数

19

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This paper discusses whether it is true that a person’s distress in life is proportionate to the severity of a person’s disability, by analyzing the meaning-world of mild disabled persons. Robert F. Murphy wrote “Some disabilities disturb the able-bodied more than others. There is a hierarchy of devaluation that varies with the severity and type of disability. At the bottom of the scale are persons with facial disfigurement or marked body distortion.” This is to say that the more different a body is from the norm, the more people dislike it. It is also commonly accepted that severely disabled persons are more distressed in life than mild disabled persons. But it would appear that mild disabled persons’ perceptions do not agree with Murphy’s hierarchy, or with these commonly accepted ideas. The results of this research make it clear that the situation for mild disabled persons is very different from that for the severely disabled. Mild disabled persons cannot decide whether they belong in the group of the able-bodied or in the group of disabled persons. They live in limbo, and tend to be isolated. For this reason, they do their best to enhance their value and try to compensate for their disabilities by making a great effort to acquire recognition. However, occasionally their disabilities prevent them from achieving what they have set out to do, thus proving that they are disabled. But even if they are able to prove this, they find themselves isolated once again. Their difficult situation describes a circle, like a Möbius strip.

著者

安岡 愛理 佐藤 貴宣 青木 千帆子 松原 崇 秋風 千恵 Yasuoka Airi Sato Takanori Aoki Chihoko Matsubara Takashi Akikaze Chie ヤスオカ アイリ サトウ タカノリ アオキ チホコ マツバラ タカシ アキカゼ チエ

出版者

大阪大学人間科学部社会学・人間学・人類学研究室

雑誌

年報人間科学 (ISSN:02865149)

巻号頁・発行日

no.30, pp.33-53, 2009

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研究ノートDisability Studies(障害学)は、一九六〇年代後半から七〇年代中葉にかけて世界的規模で起こった、障害者による社会運動を背景として誕生した。九〇年代になって、日本にも学問として紹介されている。日本の障害学はイギリスの影響が強いことから、本稿ではイギリスの学術誌"Disability &Society"(以後DSとする)を対象として、国際的な障害学の動向を把握することを目的とする。一九八六年の創刊号から二〇〇八年二三巻四号までのDSに掲載された論文のうち、アブストラクトのある七八六件の論文を一次資料として採用し、各論文の主題を類型化しカテゴリーに分類して、そのトレンドを分析した。DSにおいて扱われる障害種別は次第に多様化する傾向にある。発刊当初から九〇年代半ばまでの間、障害を社会的文脈との関連において理論化していこうとする研究が盛んであった。それは障害学の核ともいうべき「障害の社会モデル」を精緻化するとともに、社会モデルの枠組みを用いて既存のさまざまな社会事象を分析する取り組みであった。しかし、それ以降は社会モデルを革新し、その射程範囲を広げていこうとする方向にある。また障害学の発展にともない、より多様な国と地域、より多様な障害種別がその論考の対象となってきている。したがって、今後は、エスニックマイノリティや女性障害者をも包摂し、多様化する障害種別にいかに対応していける理論を構築できるかが大きな課題となるだろう。Disability Studies have their roots in the social movement started by disabled people throughout the world from the late 1960s and until the 1970s. By 1990s Disability Studies was also introduced to Japan. The purpose of this paper is to find the trends of Disability Studies by reviewing the papers published in Disability & Society – a prominent British Journal of the field. We believe this review will be especially of interest in Japan, where Disability Studies are strongly influenced by research conducted in UK. As our primary source we have used the papers with abstracts published in "Disability&Society", starting from the inaugural issue of year 1986 and finishing with the volume 23 number 4 of year 2008. We have categorized the papers by subject and analyzed the tendencies. We have found that number of types of impairments appearing in "Disability&Society" grows increasingly year by year and that until the middle 90s many papers theorize disabilities through their connection with the social context. This tendency shows that during that period the Social Model of Disability – the key concept of Disability Studies – was increasingly used to produce more and more detailed understanding of the social phenomena of disabilities. From the second part of 90s the Social Model renews and starts to cover increasingly wider range of objects. Disability Studies gain more and more power, and papers on new types of impairments based on research in more and more countries and regions appear. We conclude that in future objects of inquiry should include disabled people from ethnic minorities and also disabled women, and that the ever growing number of types of impairments also needs theoretical innovations in the field.