著者

野口 泰弥 大島 稔

出版者

北海道立北方民族博物館

雑誌

北海道立北方民族博物館研究紀要 (ISSN:09183159)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.85-110, 2019-03-29 (Released:2019-08-19)

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In June in 1942, Japanese army invaded and occupied Attu and Kiska islands of the Aleutian Islands. In those days 42 Unangan (Aleut) people and two white man and woman lived on Attu Island. Some islanders died in the period of the Japanese occupation. On September in 1942, Japanese Army transferred these islanders (except one white woman) to Otaru city of Hokkaido prefecture in Japan and detained them until the end of war. In Otaru, Tuberculosis was going around among islanders so many people died. After the war, survivors returned to the U.S. However, the U.S. government didn’t allow them to return to Attu Island. This is the reason why Attu Island is now an uninhabited island. This text is a report on Unangan (Aleut) people of Attu Island which was written by Karl Kaoru Kasukabe(春日部薫: 1913-1995)during WWII. He followed Japanese Army as interpreter and attended “Aleutian Islands Campaign.” During his military service, Kasukabe researched culture and language of Attu people. The original text was handwritten between 1942 and 1943 and is housed in Hokkaido University Library (Identification No. 572.9/KAS/別シ). Generally speaking, ethnographic records about Attu islanders have been very rare. This text includes detailed ethnographic information about culture, history, and language of Attu people and partly includes important description about the background of Aleutian Islands Campaign. Therefore, this text is worth publishing for future study.

著者

野口 泰弥

出版者

日本文化人類学会

雑誌

日本文化人類学会研究大会発表要旨集 日本文化人類学会第54回研究大会 (ISSN:21897964)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.D16, 2020 (Released:2020-09-12)

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本発表ではアイヌ民族による、河川でのサケ捕獲を伴う儀礼、「アシリチェプノミ」の変遷を事例に、サケを軸としてアイヌ民族の先住権運動史を素描することを試みる。それにより、先住権は国家に認められないながらも、社会制度や環境変化を巧みに利用しながら儀礼や、サケ捕獲を内実として実現させてきた実態を明らかにし、近年は儀礼が、先住権をめぐる権利闘争の場であると同時に、交流の場としての機能の重要性が高まっていることを分析する。

著者

大島 稔 野口 泰弥

出版者

北海道立北方民族博物館

雑誌

北海道立北方民族博物館研究紀要 (ISSN:09183159)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.001-029, 2023-03-24 (Released:2023-06-01)

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Hokkaido Museum of Northern Peoples houses the “Hattori Collection”, which includes a lot of materials of Attu dialect of Aleut (Unangan) language and Aleut culture. Takeshi Hattori (1909-1991), a well-known linguist as the expert of the Nivkh language, researched the Aleut language in 1943 at Otaru city in Hokkaido, Japan. In those days, all Aleuts of the Attu island were interned in Otaru because of Aleutian Islands campaign between the Japanese and U.S. Army. This paper reveals Hattori’s grammatical study of Aleut by transcribing and editing several materials (T-227-8, T-227-10 and a portion of T-227-11a). These materials are handwritten memorandums and mainly focus on Aleut grammar. There are two styles of phonetic notation and writing in these materials. We presume that style A was used by Hattori and style B was used by his informant. We edited these materials and added the editors’notes. These materials will support our understanding of Hattori’s study and future studies of the Aleut language.

著者

野口 泰弥 近藤 祉秋

出版者

北海道立北方民族博物館

雑誌

北海道立北方民族博物館研究紀要 (ISSN:09183159)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.1-30, 2017

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Hokkaido Museum of Northern Peoples (thereafter, HMNP) has so far collected two copper knives with a Y-shaped handle, which are attributed to Athabascan/ Dene cultures. In this paper, we compare them with similar items housed in other museums and examine the distribution and usage of such knives. The materials we use in our analysis include historical records, drawings and photographs during the period between the end of l8th centu1y and early 20th century. We point out the possibility that the Hare Indian may have used knives with a Y-shaped handle. We also discuss such knives as prestige goods in addition to their practical advantage as a hunting implement. Researchers of indigenous North American metallurgy have already suggested that both practicality and prestige were attributed to Athabascan copper artifacts in general until the former half of the 20th century. The prior studies tend to focus on copper as trade items when they discuss prestige of such materials. In this paper, we argue that Athabascan copper knives can be considered as practical-yet・prestigious goods not only because copper was considered precious trade items but also because it enabled people to hunt grizzly bears and other potentially dangerous animals. In Athabascan societies, where hunting and fishing are primary modes of subsistence, traditional spear hunting of grizzly bears used to bring a fame to successful hunters, and it was the Y-shaped handle of Athabascan copper knives that ensured the bear hunters safety. In the last chapter, we analyze one of the knives housed in HMNP to shed light on its uniqueness among other Athabascan knives.

著者

野口 泰弥 大島 稔

出版者

北海道立北方民族博物館

雑誌

北海道立北方民族博物館研究紀要 (ISSN:09183159)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.85-110, 2019

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In June in 1942, Japanese army invaded and occupied Attu and Kiska islands of theAleutian Islands. In those days 42 Unangan (Aleut) people and two white man andwoman lived on Attu Island. Some islanders died in the period of the Japaneseoccupation. On September in 1942, Japanese Army transferred these islanders (exceptone white woman) to Otaru city of Hokkaido prefecture in Japan and detained themuntil the end of war. In Otaru, Tuberculosis was going around among islanders so manypeople died. After the war, survivors returned to the U.S. However, the U.S. governmentdidn't allow them to return to Attu Island. This is the reason why Attu Island is now anuninhabited island. This text is a report on Unangan (Aleut) people of Attu Island which was writtenby Karl Kaoru Kasukabe(春日部薫: 1913-1995)during WWII. He followed JapaneseArmy as interpreter and attended "Aleutian Islands Campaign." During his militaryservice, Kasukabe researched culture and language of Attu people. The original text was handwritten between 1942 and 1943 and is housed in HokkaidoUniversity Library (Identification No. 572.9/KAS/別シ). Generally speaking,ethnographic records about Attu islanders have been very rare. This text includesdetailed ethnographic information about culture, history, and language of Attu peopleand partly includes important description about the background of Aleutian IslandsCampaign. Therefore, this text is worth publishing for future study.