- 著者
-
野口 舞子
- 出版者
- 東洋文庫
- 雑誌
- 東洋学報 = The Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.96, no.4, pp.01-026, 2015-03
The Almoravid Dynasty (c. a. 1061-1147) ruled over a vast territory, stretching from the Maghrib to the Ebro Valley. Since the dynasty originated from the Sanhaja Berbers of the western Sahara, its rulers were alien to the people in the Maghrib as well as those in al-Andalus. Therefore, the issue of legitimacy was of significant importance for the Almoravids in their claim to rule over these territories. This paper focuses on the bayʻa, oath of allegiance, as playing a crucial role in extending the influence of the Almoravids and providing them with legitimacy.The author’s examination of a series of bayʻa cases under the Almoravids reveals several features related to the Almoravid power structure and its political beliefs. Originally, these oaths were conducted at the time of the military conquests marking the early stages of their rule. However, further into their reign, the bayʻa was exacted at coronations and designations of heirs to the throne. Another feature of the bayʻa is that a new ruler or newly declared heir would have to be first approved by the ruler’s kin and the chiefs of the Berber tribes who had been appointed military governors of each local district. This indicates that Berber tribal soldiers were of the greatest importance to the Almoravid dynasty, and maintenance of ties with them was essential for the dynasty’s power. On the other hand, in al-Andalus, ʻulamā’ such as fuqahā (jurists) and qāḍīs (judges) took the lead in the bayʻa for approving the ruler, which suggests that Andalusian ʻulamā’ were representatives of the people in al-Andalus.Along with the expansion of their territory, the Almoravids also adopted a “written missive form” of the bayʻa in addition to the original “in-person” bayʻa ceremony, in order to gain approval from all power of the realm. Consequently, the bayʻa came to involve larger and larger numbers of participants. Several texts of the “missive form” remain, which contain early Islamic traditions and Arabic rhetorical style, which were also meant to legitimize the rulers’ authority. In summary, the Almoravids developed and established the procedure of bayʻa according to the preceding tradition to legitimize their rule.