著者

サイクス ヘザー 関 めぐみ 井谷 聡子

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.89-111, 2018 (Released:2018-12-29)

参考文献数

44

著者

関 めぐみ 三上 純 井谷 惠子 井谷 聡子

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.21-31, 2019 (Released:2019-09-06)

参考文献数

18

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This is one of the first studies to explore the experiences and expressions of discrimination, violence and exclusion based on genders, sexualities and the bodies in Physical education (PE) in Japan. Through this research, we hope to gain insight into the gender and sexual politics of Japanese PE. The study was administered in three Japanese universities in 2017. Based on 979 survey responses, we present a preliminary analysis of students reported the experiences of discrimination and exclusion. We conducted the quantitative and qualitative content analysis of 410 (41.9%) survey responses, which answered the open-ended question about negative experience in PE. By using quantitative content analysis software (KH coder), we extracted seven clusters: 1) being scolded for a mistake, 2) being a nuisance to a partner or a team, 3) forced to perform (play) sport or do exercise, 4) swimming, 5) running, 6) class (teaching) methods, and 7) methods of evaluation. The main factors that caused the negative experience are codified to: classmates (category 1), oneself (category 2), teachers (category 3, 6, 7) and exercise characteristics (category 4, 5). When analyzed the result by gender, “normative woman” (cis-gendered, heterosexual) tends to be ashamed that they are not good at sports and their self-respect becomes wounded. On the other hand, “normative man” (cis-gendered, heterosexual) tends to remember the negative experience as those moments when they were blamed by their classmates. The persons of “non-normative” gender/sexuality (transgender and/or non-heterosexual) tend to have more negative experiences based on heterosexism and binary gender system. Our findings suggest that the evaluation criteria set by the curriculum and/or teacher need to be changed. Because the criteria made students’ achievement (or the lack thereof) visible, it leads to the bodily hierarchy. This hierarchy push students who are not athletic into a lower position and marginalize them in the classroom.

著者

関 めぐみ

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.102-104, 2016 (Released:2017-04-25)

参考文献数

11

著者

関 めぐみ

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.19-30, 2014

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The purpose of this study is to show how the growing number of minorities in the organization affects their participation in the decision-making process. In this study, I will focus on all-male college football teams in Japan, specifically examining the role of women who work as joshi manêjâ (girl managers). In Japan, a manêjâ is a student who is in charge of the sports equipment and records of their school sports team. At the present time, the majority of manêjâ are women.The methods of data collection employed include participant observations, interviews and content analysis. The research was based on data collected from two college football teams. The first fieldwork consisted of observing and interviewing members of Team X. This research was conducted between March and December of 2011. The percentage of females was 27%. The second fieldwork was conducted between May and December 2012. The percentage of females was 39.6% for Team Y. Results obtained by comparing Team X to Team Y indicate that the duties and responsibilities of joshi manêjâ increased when the number of joshi manêjâ remained above 30% of the team. In the past, socializing between male and female members of the club was prohibited. However, as the number of joshi manêjâs increased, pressure to socialize with the male players also increased. In fact, pressure to perform menial tasks and to socialize with male players led several joshi manêjâs to quit working for their teams.Therefore, despite the growing number of female within the club, socializing between the female and the male players had in fact strengthened and maintained the dominant power of the male players.

著者

井谷 惠子 井谷 聡子 関 めぐみ 三上 純

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.6-20, 2019 (Released:2019-09-06)

参考文献数

11

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This study examines the gender politics in physical education curriculum that influence students to disengage from physical education and sport. For the analysis, we selected five students among survey respondents who identified as cis-gendered heterosexual women and conducted semi-structured interviews. The grounded theory approach (GTA) was utilized and MAXQDA Analytics Pro2018 was used to assist the analysis. The analysis generated nine primary categories, for example; “visibility”, “physical education curriculum”, and “characteristics of exercise”. It also generated forty-nine sub-categories. The relationships among categories indicate a “negative spiral” in which “poor exercise experience”, “low physical skill and strength”, “negative experience” and “negative emotional reaction” formed a chain relationship. Central to physical education curriculum is the focus on modern sports that has been developed as a tool to educate men. Such physical education is characterized by athleticism, record setting, hierarchy, and winning, as well as physical performance. The space of physical education is saturated with value orientation based on high performance. In such space, participants have had negative experiences in which their poor skills and physical weakness were exposed to their peers. They also expressed discomfort that physical education leaves little space for values outside of physical performance to be recognized.

著者

三上 純 井谷 惠子 関 めぐみ 井谷 聡子

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.20-35, 2022 (Released:2022-11-20)

参考文献数

21

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of struggles among masculinities for hegemony, based on the narratives of men who had a sense of aversion to physical education and to examine how the hegemonic masculinity constructed as a result of struggle may legitimatize unequal gender relations in PE. In this study, focus group interviews were conducted with ten university students who expressed the dislikes of PE. For the purpose of this paper, we focus on the narratives of five cisgender, heterosexual men. The analysis revealed that the participants had negative experiences in PE because sports, which emphasize competition, are placed at the center of the learning contents. In addition, in such PE classes, educational practices are often based on the assumption that " men are good at sports and physical activities ", and PE teachers tend to be tough on students who are not good at sports. Regarding the relationship among students, participants talked about the ways in which hierarchy among men are based on motor skills demonstrated in PE classes and it directly related to the hierarchy in school life outside of PE classes. Moreover, the richness of heterosexual experiences was also a part of the hegemonic masculinity in PE defined by the high level of motor skills. Additionally, we examined the effects of hegemonic struggle between masculinities on participants’ body, and how they survived the difficult hierarchical positions they were placed. The result shows that participants’ difficult situation was created by the connection between athleticism and masculinity. Therefore, we argued that it is necessary to seek the ways to separate sports from masculinity, and to reconsider if it is appropriate to place competitive sport at the center of PE curriculum.

著者

井谷 惠子 関 めぐみ 井谷 聡子

出版者

京都教育大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2022-04-01

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本研究では,批判的教育研究の立場から,権力的マイノリティとしての「体育嫌い」の声に 注目し,負の経験として「体育嫌い」を封印するのではなく,エンパワーメントの可能性を 探り,新たな体育カリキュラムへの示唆を得ることを目的とする.クイア・ペダゴジーや身 体・健康リテラシー,及び先行的な実践について調査を行うとともに,「体育嫌い」を自認 する人々によるグループワークを通して,それまでの経験の振り返りと意識の変容について フォーカスグループ(以下,FGと略す)を設定し検討を進める.

著者

関 めぐみ

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.19-30, 2014 (Released:2017-04-28)

参考文献数

17

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The purpose of this study is to show how the growing number of minorities in the organization affects their participation in the decision-making process. In this study, I will focus on all-male college football teams in Japan, specifically examining the role of women who work as joshi manêjâ (girl managers). In Japan, a manêjâ is a student who is in charge of the sports equipment and records of their school sports team. At the present time, the majority of manêjâ are women. The methods of data collection employed include participant observations, interviews and content analysis. The research was based on data collected from two college football teams. The first fieldwork consisted of observing and interviewing members of Team X. This research was conducted between March and December of 2011. The percentage of females was 27%. The second fieldwork was conducted between May and December 2012. The percentage of females was 39.6% for Team Y. Results obtained by comparing Team X to Team Y indicate that the duties and responsibilities of joshi manêjâ increased when the number of joshi manêjâ remained above 30% of the team. In the past, socializing between male and female members of the club was prohibited. However, as the number of joshi manêjâs increased, pressure to socialize with the male players also increased. In fact, pressure to perform menial tasks and to socialize with male players led several joshi manêjâs to quit working for their teams. Therefore, despite the growing number of female within the club, socializing between the female and the male players had in fact strengthened and maintained the dominant power of the male players.