著者

井谷 聡子 井谷 惠子

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.48-57, 2018 (Released:2018-12-29)

参考文献数

36

著者

関 めぐみ 三上 純 井谷 惠子 井谷 聡子

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.21-31, 2019 (Released:2019-09-06)

参考文献数

18

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This is one of the first studies to explore the experiences and expressions of discrimination, violence and exclusion based on genders, sexualities and the bodies in Physical education (PE) in Japan. Through this research, we hope to gain insight into the gender and sexual politics of Japanese PE. The study was administered in three Japanese universities in 2017. Based on 979 survey responses, we present a preliminary analysis of students reported the experiences of discrimination and exclusion. We conducted the quantitative and qualitative content analysis of 410 (41.9%) survey responses, which answered the open-ended question about negative experience in PE. By using quantitative content analysis software (KH coder), we extracted seven clusters: 1) being scolded for a mistake, 2) being a nuisance to a partner or a team, 3) forced to perform (play) sport or do exercise, 4) swimming, 5) running, 6) class (teaching) methods, and 7) methods of evaluation. The main factors that caused the negative experience are codified to: classmates (category 1), oneself (category 2), teachers (category 3, 6, 7) and exercise characteristics (category 4, 5). When analyzed the result by gender, “normative woman” (cis-gendered, heterosexual) tends to be ashamed that they are not good at sports and their self-respect becomes wounded. On the other hand, “normative man” (cis-gendered, heterosexual) tends to remember the negative experience as those moments when they were blamed by their classmates. The persons of “non-normative” gender/sexuality (transgender and/or non-heterosexual) tend to have more negative experiences based on heterosexism and binary gender system. Our findings suggest that the evaluation criteria set by the curriculum and/or teacher need to be changed. Because the criteria made students’ achievement (or the lack thereof) visible, it leads to the bodily hierarchy. This hierarchy push students who are not athletic into a lower position and marginalize them in the classroom.

著者

ボイコフ ジュールズ 井谷 惠子

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.67-79, 2021 (Released:2021-10-09)

参考文献数

4

著者

井谷 惠子 三上 純

出版者

日本体育科教育学会

雑誌

体育科教育学研究 (ISSN:13428039)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.46, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-04-28)

著者

井谷 惠子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14090, (Released:2015-06-12)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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In 2002, the Central Education Council published a report entitled “Improvement of children's physical fitness”. The report pointed out that changes in the social environment and lifestyles in recent years had influenced children's physical fitness and movement skills, and that a “comprehensive policy” addressing various aspects was essential for tackling this problem. On the basis of this report, the Ministry of Education and local boards of education are currently undertaking various projects; however, a number of gaps still remain between the findings of the report and what is actually being done to address this issue.   The present paper examines the local political issues that have led to differences between the practices of local educational governments and the recommendations of the report by focusing on practices in the Tokyo Metropolitan area and Osaka Prefecture after publication of the report.   This study revealed that the local governments had been strongly influenced by the results of physical fitness tests in comparison with other districts, counter to the comprehensive policy suggested by the report. This suggests that one of the reasons for the existing gap is the implicit demand for measurable results based on strong promotion of the evaluation system stipulated by the current educational policy. The results also show that most projects to improve children's physical fitness have been undertaken by schools, despite the fact that almost no budget has been allocated for this purpose, thus forcing schools to bear the burden and responsibility alone. Furthermore, it is also evident that competitive sports are frequently used to promote an active lifestyle, even in elementary and junior high schools.   In view of the numerous practices aiming to improve performance through sports club activities and competitive sports events, such as long-distance relays for children and Olympic education, it appears that the government in fact has a hidden agenda to promote sports and to improve athletic performance behind the façade of children's fitness as a “social issue”.

著者

橋本 紀子 井上 惠美子 田代 美江子 井谷 惠子 木村 浩則 杉田 真衣 艮 香織 茂木 輝順 水崎 富美 森岡 真梨 丸井 淑美

出版者

女子栄養大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2009

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本研究は、校歌・校訓の変遷の歴史的調査、人々の男女共学・別学観のインタビュー調査、高校生とOG/ OBの意識調査、学校参与観察、フィンランド・イギリス・韓国での海外調査等々、幅広い視点から行われた。その結果、ジェンダー平等教育の発展・普及のための、以下の重点課題が浮き彫りとなった。(1)新しいジェンダー平等教育の内容づくりを教育課程の見直しも含めて行うこと。(2)そのためには、教材や授業記録等も含めて、これまでの教育実践の掘り起こし、優れた実践の典型化をはかり、テキスト作成に結びつけること、などである。

著者

井谷 惠子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育学会

雑誌

教育学研究 (ISSN:03873161)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.27-40, 2005

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Although in general the ratio of women teachers to men has increased with the advance of women in society, the ratio of women PE teachers to men has not increased in the past 20 years. This is caused by sexism in the employment of PE teachers regardless of qualifications. This paper examines the discovery that the gender culture of a PE teacher society in which the disproportion of men to women is maintained in spite of gender equality in the school system itself. Through a survey by interviews of seven men and five women PE teachers who work in H prefecture, it has been found that gender culture creates the disproportionate number of men to women. This is discussed here considering three factors : 1. the influence of gender culture in sports, 2. the double-standard in physical education, 3. a labor atmosphere which is still considered "men's work". The first point discloses, the men and women dichotomy and the absolute view toward gender difference. Moreover, relating to physical education curriculum and teacher behavior, the masculine principles of strength, bravery, winning, and so on have been permitted to dominate interaction and pleasure. Second, the double standard which expects men and women to have different roles is identified. In physical education, teachers work to form masculinity and expect severeness and toughness in boys. On the other hand, so-called "education for women" is deeply rooted and women PE teachers mainly cover dance education for girls. Influenced by this double standard, the gender role, for example the often seen "women manager" in sport activities, is accepted and the gender order has continued. As for the third point, extracurricular activities such as coaching and student guidance, have strongly reflected the identity of PE teachers. The atmosphere of the company office that doesn't dislike long working hours and work on holidays has been adopted by PE teachers. PE teachers who believe that student guidance is their job and thus take an active role as a "strict teacher" to maintain school order. As a result, the gym in PE teacher society becomes like an office which reinforces male dominance and leaves women PE teachers on the sidelines.

著者

井谷 惠子 井谷 聡子 関 めぐみ 三上 純

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.6-20, 2019 (Released:2019-09-06)

参考文献数

11

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This study examines the gender politics in physical education curriculum that influence students to disengage from physical education and sport. For the analysis, we selected five students among survey respondents who identified as cis-gendered heterosexual women and conducted semi-structured interviews. The grounded theory approach (GTA) was utilized and MAXQDA Analytics Pro2018 was used to assist the analysis. The analysis generated nine primary categories, for example; “visibility”, “physical education curriculum”, and “characteristics of exercise”. It also generated forty-nine sub-categories. The relationships among categories indicate a “negative spiral” in which “poor exercise experience”, “low physical skill and strength”, “negative experience” and “negative emotional reaction” formed a chain relationship. Central to physical education curriculum is the focus on modern sports that has been developed as a tool to educate men. Such physical education is characterized by athleticism, record setting, hierarchy, and winning, as well as physical performance. The space of physical education is saturated with value orientation based on high performance. In such space, participants have had negative experiences in which their poor skills and physical weakness were exposed to their peers. They also expressed discomfort that physical education leaves little space for values outside of physical performance to be recognized.

著者

井谷 惠子

出版者

一般社団法人日本教育学会

雑誌

教育学研究 (ISSN:03873161)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.27-40, 2005-03

---

Although in general the ratio of women teachers to men has increased with the advance of women in society, the ratio of women PE teachers to men has not increased in the past 20 years. This is caused by sexism in the employment of PE teachers regardless of qualifications. This paper examines the discovery that the gender culture of a PE teacher society in which the disproportion of men to women is maintained in spite of gender equality in the school system itself. Through a survey by interviews of seven men and five women PE teachers who work in H prefecture, it has been found that gender culture creates the disproportionate number of men to women. This is discussed here considering three factors : 1. the influence of gender culture in sports, 2. the double-standard in physical education, 3. a labor atmosphere which is still considered "men's work". The first point discloses, the men and women dichotomy and the absolute view toward gender difference. Moreover, relating to physical education curriculum and teacher behavior, the masculine principles of strength, bravery, winning, and so on have been permitted to dominate interaction and pleasure. Second, the double standard which expects men and women to have different roles is identified. In physical education, teachers work to form masculinity and expect severeness and toughness in boys. On the other hand, so-called "education for women" is deeply rooted and women PE teachers mainly cover dance education for girls. Influenced by this double standard, the gender role, for example the often seen "women manager" in sport activities, is accepted and the gender order has continued. As for the third point, extracurricular activities such as coaching and student guidance, have strongly reflected the identity of PE teachers. The atmosphere of the company office that doesn't dislike long working hours and work on holidays has been adopted by PE teachers. PE teachers who believe that student guidance is their job and thus take an active role as a "strict teacher" to maintain school order. As a result, the gym in PE teacher society becomes like an office which reinforces male dominance and leaves women PE teachers on the sidelines.

著者

吉川 康夫 熊安 貴美江 飯田 貴子 井谷 惠子 太田 あや子 吉川 康夫

出版者

帝塚山学院大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2002

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本研究は、スポーツ内で生じるセクシュアル・ハラスメント問題の現状を解明するための最初のアプローチとして、女子大学生のスポーツ領域におけるセクシュアル・ハラスメント認識と経験を調査し、その特殊性を明らかにすることを目的とした。第一に、女子大学生について、セクシュアル・ハラスメントの経験および認識に関する全体的な状況を把握した。第二に、スポーツにおけるセクシュアル・ハラスメントについての経験や考えに関して女子大学生に対するグループインタビューを行った。第三に、体育系の女子学生とそれ以外の女子学生のセクシュアル・ハラスメント経験スポーツの場とスポーツ以外の場で比較し、両グループの経験および認識の差異を検討した。第四に、上記の調査結果を総合的に分析し、諸外国の調査事例との比較検討も含め、日本のスポーツにおけるセクシュアル・ハラスメントの特徴を女子学生の視点から考察した。体育系女子学生がスポーツの場で経験するセクシュアル・ハラスメントと、体育系以外の女子学生がスポーツ以外の場で経験するセクシュアル・ハラスメントの違いに関して、前者は「身体的特徴を話題にする」「腕や肩にさわる」などの行為を、後者はこれら2項目に加え、「性的なことばや冗談」「性的経験について質問」「からだを眺め回す」などの行為を多く経験していた。両者の認識の違いに着目すると、設定した19項目の行為のうち、17項目について、体育系女子学生(スポーツの場)は体育系以外の女子学生(スポーツ以外の場)よりもセクシュアル・ハラスメントになりうる行為に対して許容的であることが明らかになった。とりわけ、前者が経験する身体接触的行為については、これをセクシュアル・ハラスメントと認識しない学生も多く存在し、指導ゆえに許容される身体接触行為のなかに、同時にセクシュアル・ハラスメントとなりうる契機が存在することもまた、確認された。

著者

高峰 修 飯田 貴子 井谷 惠子 太田 あや子 熊安 貴美江 吉川 康夫

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.16-28, 2009 (Released:2023-06-28)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among items of sexual harassment (SH) experienced by female Japanese college students inside of sport settings. Respondents were asked to answer whether or not they had experienced as SH 19 specific male behaviors toward female college students inside of sport settings. Data was collected by questionnaire. The survey was addressed to 4,208 students at 23 colleges, from June to November, 2003, and in October, 2006, and 3,989 students responded. Nine hundred ninety eight female students belonging to intercollegiate athletic clubs, and 477 female students belonging to intramural sport clubs were available for statistical analysis in this study. The experiences of SH inside of sport settings were first compared with respect to two types of sport clubs. Female students reported that they had been physically touched or massaged, or had been told jokes of a sexual nature. Among members of intercollegiate clubs, the percentage of persons who perceived “physical touching” behavior as SH was lower than that among members of intramural clubs. Intercollegiate club members reported their harassers to be instructors employed from outside their universities, while intramural club members reported them to be faculty members and upperclassmen in their clubs. Many female students reported that, when they experienced SH behavior inside sport settings, they shrugged of the behavior, did nothing, or were unable to do anything. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the structure of behavior experienced as SH. Among intercollegiate athletic club members, “persistent sexual advances” as a dependent variable was significantly explained by three variables: “ask female students out to dinner or on a date,” “send e-mail with sexual content,” and “give female students a back/shoulder massage while giving instructions,” while among intramural club members, only “make female students serve tea or perform personal tasks” significantly explained “persistent sexual advances.” Finally, the importance of considering the structure of experienced SH items is discussed.

著者

三上 純 井谷 惠子 関 めぐみ 井谷 聡子

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.20-35, 2022 (Released:2022-11-20)

参考文献数

21

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of struggles among masculinities for hegemony, based on the narratives of men who had a sense of aversion to physical education and to examine how the hegemonic masculinity constructed as a result of struggle may legitimatize unequal gender relations in PE. In this study, focus group interviews were conducted with ten university students who expressed the dislikes of PE. For the purpose of this paper, we focus on the narratives of five cisgender, heterosexual men. The analysis revealed that the participants had negative experiences in PE because sports, which emphasize competition, are placed at the center of the learning contents. In addition, in such PE classes, educational practices are often based on the assumption that " men are good at sports and physical activities ", and PE teachers tend to be tough on students who are not good at sports. Regarding the relationship among students, participants talked about the ways in which hierarchy among men are based on motor skills demonstrated in PE classes and it directly related to the hierarchy in school life outside of PE classes. Moreover, the richness of heterosexual experiences was also a part of the hegemonic masculinity in PE defined by the high level of motor skills. Additionally, we examined the effects of hegemonic struggle between masculinities on participants’ body, and how they survived the difficult hierarchical positions they were placed. The result shows that participants’ difficult situation was created by the connection between athleticism and masculinity. Therefore, we argued that it is necessary to seek the ways to separate sports from masculinity, and to reconsider if it is appropriate to place competitive sport at the center of PE curriculum.

著者

井谷 惠子 関 めぐみ 井谷 聡子

出版者

京都教育大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2022-04-01

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本研究では,批判的教育研究の立場から,権力的マイノリティとしての「体育嫌い」の声に 注目し,負の経験として「体育嫌い」を封印するのではなく,エンパワーメントの可能性を 探り,新たな体育カリキュラムへの示唆を得ることを目的とする.クイア・ペダゴジーや身 体・健康リテラシー,及び先行的な実践について調査を行うとともに,「体育嫌い」を自認 する人々によるグループワークを通して,それまでの経験の振り返りと意識の変容について フォーカスグループ(以下,FGと略す)を設定し検討を進める.

著者

井谷 惠子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.429-448, 2015 (Released:2015-12-18)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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In 2002, the Central Education Council published a report entitled “Improvement of children's physical fitness”. The report pointed out that changes in the social environment and lifestyles in recent years had influenced children's physical fitness and movement skills, and that a “comprehensive policy” addressing various aspects was essential for tackling this problem. On the basis of this report, the Ministry of Education and local boards of education are currently undertaking various projects; however, a number of gaps still remain between the findings of the report and what is actually being done to address this issue.   The present paper examines the local political issues that have led to differences between the practices of local educational governments and the recommendations of the report by focusing on practices in the Tokyo Metropolitan area and Osaka Prefecture after publication of the report.   This study revealed that the local governments had been strongly influenced by the results of physical fitness tests in comparison with other districts, counter to the comprehensive policy suggested by the report. This suggests that one of the reasons for the existing gap is the implicit demand for measurable results based on strong promotion of the evaluation system stipulated by the current educational policy. The results also show that most projects to improve children's physical fitness have been undertaken by schools, despite the fact that almost no budget has been allocated for this purpose, thus forcing schools to bear the burden and responsibility alone. Furthermore, it is also evident that competitive sports are frequently used to promote an active lifestyle, even in elementary and junior high schools.   In view of the numerous practices aiming to improve performance through sports club activities and competitive sports events, such as long-distance relays for children and Olympic education, it appears that the government in fact has a hidden agenda to promote sports and to improve athletic performance behind the façade of children's fitness as a “social issue”.

著者

井谷 惠子

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Education

雑誌

スポーツ教育学研究 (ISSN:09118845)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.1-17, 2000-05-31 (Released:2010-08-10)

参考文献数

52

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The status of the fitness goals in physical education in the USA.: with reference to the requests by society in general since the 1980's.Physical education professionals have become aware the role of national fitness and have tended to regard the fitness goals as more important in the USA since the 1980's. The purpose of this study was to discuss the status of the fitness goals in physical education by looking at the social factors which influenced their status, the Standards for Physical Education, and reviews by various reserchers. The results were as follows;1. Educational reforms since the 1980's have given rise to the tendency of adding importance to academic subjects and have brought the decline of the level of physical education. “Physical” is recognized as the identity of physical education and increased attention is again being focused on this word in order to resolve the crisis.2. The issues of health and fitness have been recognized as serious, nation wide problems. Several Surgoen General reports and recomendations by related academies called for an increased positive role of physical education.3. The National Standards for Physical Education published by NASPE in 1995 strongly focused on fitness standards. Psycho-moter, cognitive, physical, affective and social development have been traditional goals of physical education, with the addition of physical activity, itself now being realized as a primary goal.4. Various reserchers regard fitness as important. This change in understanding about the needs of fitness and of social changes have placed a new level of responsiblity on the role of fitness. Further more, various reserchers suggested fitness programs have changed their emphasis from high level fitness training to improvement in attitudes about the needs of fitness, knowledge base and the requirement of independent ongoing physical activities related to fitness throughout our lifetime.

著者

佐藤 和夫 井谷 惠子 橋本 紀子 木村 涼子 小山 静子 片岡 洋子

出版者

千葉大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2003

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本研究では、日本が男女共同参画社会をめざすためには、男女共学、共修がどのように実施されるべきかについて、高校を対象に分析検討を行った。男女共学、共修は男女平等教育にとって必要な基礎的条件ではあるが、隠れたカリキュラムにおけるジェンダーに無自覚なまま共学、共修を実施しても、共学、共修がただちに男女平等教育には結びつかない。そのため、男女共学や共修の現状を明らかにしながら、男女平等をつくるための共学、共修とはどうあるべきなのかについて、以下の3つの調査領域における研究において析出した。1,福島県の男女共学化および共修の現状調査福島県は、男女共同参画社会の実現のための施策の一環として、長らく残っていた別学高校をすべて共学化した。その共学化実現過程や高校の現状について、聞き取りと観察および質問紙調査を組み合わせて分析、考察した。2,関西(大阪)の私立高校の共学化戦略と共学、別学の現状調査福島県とは対照的に公立高校はすべて共学だった大阪府では、私立高校が別学校を提供してきた。近年、共学化が進んでいる大阪の私立学校での別学、共学の経営戦略および生徒への質問紙調査によって、共学、別学の比較検討を行った。3,高校での体育共習の指導場面の観察調査男女共修の高校の体育の授業場面において、教師の声かけが生徒が男子か女子かで異なること、そこに教師のジェンダー観があらわれ、ジェンダーの利用と再生産が行われていることなどについて、授業観察の分析を行った。