著者

鬼頭 葉子

出版者

長野工業高等専門学校

雑誌

長野工業高等専門学校紀要 = Memoirs of Nagano National College of Technology (ISSN:18829155)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.1-6, 2016-06-30

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This paper explores the intersection of animal ethics with European and American feminism. Feminist theory and activism tried to liberate women and animals from oppression. The feminist care tradition in ethics developed as an alternative to the rights-based theory of justice. A caring approach is useful in animal ethics. Feminist caring ethics aims to have a compassionate insight directed toward compassionate action. This feminist theory has culture-contextual advantage. However, it is doubtful whether feminist theory involves universal and inclusive compassion toward enemies, wildlife, and destructive animals.

著者

鬼頭 葉子

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.81-94, 2015-03-31 (Released:2018-08-28)

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This article explores the status of animal ethics in contemporary Christian thought, considering traditional theological interpretations of animals. The subject of animal ethics is dominated by two different theories. In the utilitarian approach, Peter Singer argues for freeing animals from human domination (“animal liberation”), while according to Tom Regan’s imperative approach, individual animals have “animal rights.” Singer and Regan both criticize traditional theological interpretations of animals, because traditional Christian thinkers adhere to the anthropocentric assumption that humans have the right to exploit other animals. Christian interpretations of the “image of God” in which humankind was created fall largely into two categories: the substantial and the relational. Recently, many contemporary theologians have emphasized the relational aspects of the “image of God.” Stanley Hauerwas and John Berkman consider that the significant theological difference between humans and animals lies in the unique purpose given to humans by God, rather than human rationality as such. From this standpoint, people have a responsibility to serve animals and to represent their best interests. As humans we are required to care for our animal neighbors, like the Good Samaritan. Animal Ethics in contemporary Christian thought has the potential to develop other ethical considerations, such as the question of our moral responsibility to people with cognitive disabilities, because animals, babies, and the mentally and intellectually disabled cannot themselves defend their right to be treated morally.

著者

鬼頭 葉子

出版者

長野工業高等専門学校

雑誌

長野工業高等専門学校紀要 = Memoirs of Nagano National College of Technology (ISSN:18829155)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.1-8, 2019-06-30

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Michael Slote is a philosopher who bases his work on the ethics of empathic care and considers that the ethics of caring and empathy are also effective in realizing social justice. Slote considers justice in the laws, institutions, and practices of society as the analogy for ethics among individuals. Furthermore, Slote rejects the position that the ethics of care is not compatible with considering justice, and he claims that the ethics of care creates its own concept of justice. This article explores the notion of social justice starting from an individual's empathy. How does empathic social justice build its own notion of justice? I will discuss the plausibility and limitations of Slote’s theory of justice based on empathy.

著者

鬼頭 葉子

出版者

現代キリスト教思想研究会

雑誌

ティリッヒ研究

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.87-100, 2002-09

著者

鬼頭 葉子

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.82-95, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-07-09)

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This paper aims to elucidate the content and position of the eschatology which he emphasized, and to clarify the features of Tanabe Hajime’s understanding of Christianity, based on his work “Demonstration of Christianity”. The following three points are the characteristics of Christianity considered by Tanabe; (1) Christianity is a religion that carries out social practice in its essence, (2) Christianity can and should avoid the identity which originates from the personal god, who is a existence, by relying on the “absolute nothingness” introduced from Buddhism. (3) Christianity is a religion that has historical concreteness in its structure. In particular, the unique interpretation of the eschatology by Tanabe is considered to be the key concept of his religious philosophy that leads to the social practice he aimed at. According to Tanabe, the eschatology is seen as mediation for the transformation between ethics and religion based on history. In other words, the eschatology is a dialectic that absolutely denies this world, and the structure of eschatology directs humans to change the value of the moral custom and to create new societies. In addition, Tanabe argues that Christianity is mediated by the reason of Marxism based on the dialectics that serve as negative mediation between religion and reason. In this way, Christianity is given concreteness about what to do as a social practice in a particular era on history.

著者

鬼頭 葉子

出版者

長野工業高等専門学校

雑誌

長野工業高等専門学校紀要 = Memoirs of Nagano National College of Technology (ISSN:18829155)

巻号頁・発行日

no.53, pp.1-8, 2019-06-30

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Michael Slote is a philosopher who bases his work on the ethics of empathic care and considers that the ethics of caring and empathy are also effective in realizing social justice. Slote considers justice in the laws, institutions, and practices of society as the analogy for ethics among individuals. Furthermore, Slote rejects the position that the ethics of care is not compatible with considering justice, and he claims that the ethics of care creates its own concept of justice. This article explores the notion of social justice starting from an individual's empathy. How does empathic social justice build its own notion of justice? I will discuss the plausibility and limitations of Slote's theory of justice based on empathy.

著者

鬼頭 葉子

出版者

宗教倫理学会

雑誌

宗教と倫理 = Religion and ethics

巻号頁・発行日

no.19, pp.51-67, 2019-12

著者

鬼頭 葉子

出版者

長野工業高等専門学校

雑誌

長野工業高等専門学校紀要 = Memoirs of Nagano National College of Technology (ISSN:18829155)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.1-6, 2016-06-30 (Released:2016-06-09)

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This paper explores the intersection of animal ethics with European and American feminism. Feminist theory and activism tried to liberate women and animals from oppression. The feminist care tradition in ethics developed as an alternative to the rights-based theory of justice. A caring approach is useful in animal ethics. Feminist caring ethics aims to have a compassionate insight directed toward compassionate action. This feminist theory has culture-contextual advantage. However, it is doubtful whether feminist theory involves universal and inclusive compassion toward enemies, wildlife, and destructive animals.

著者

鬼頭 葉子

出版者

長野工業高等専門学校

雑誌

長野工業高等専門学校紀要 = Memoirs of Nagano National College of Technology (ISSN:18829155)

巻号頁・発行日

no.51, pp.1-8, 2017-06-30

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Compassion, sympathy, empathy, and pity are not mainstream themes in the history of philosophy, but have been taken up frequently by philosophers. Starting with the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, Spinoza, Descartes, Hume, Adam Smith, Schopenhauer, and many others have discussed the concept of compassion. More recently, Jacques Derrida and Martha C. Nussbaum, among others, have contemplated it. In reviewing their patterns of thought, one can see that the shift in the concept of compassion is the transition of the answers to the questions "How do we feel compassion for other(s)?" and "Who is/are the other(s) who deserve compassion?” This study explores the development of "sympathetic imagination" in philosophy, how the subject of compassion has expanded, and where the source of compassion is found.

著者

古木 葉子 (鬼頭 葉子)

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

特別研究員奨励費

巻号頁・発行日

2006

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社会学者ギデンズの議論とティリッヒ思想を比較検討し、社会状況におけるティリッヒ思想の役割について研究を行った。近代以降、伝統的な共同体が変化する中で、個人の行為の基準とは何か、道徳的判断について考察した。ティリッヒまたギデンズによれば、我々の時代において、近代以前の伝統的な共同体の物語や展望が揺らいでいる。そのため、個人の行為の基準や体系的認識に対する信念が個人の判断に委ねられるようになった。しかし、人間は何らかの共同体に起源を持ち、自分がどこへ向かうのかを、自らの行為によって選択していかざるを得ない存在である。ティリッヒは、個人が共同体において、何をなすべきかの基準を「道徳的命法」として提示した。道徳的命法とは、共同体において他者の人格を肯定せよ、という命令であり、その根底には宗教的次元がある。現在、個人の行為が影響を及ぼす「他者」の範囲は拡大しつつあり、この基準は、より個人の高い見識や判断を必要とする困難な問題である。また、ティリッヒの死の思想について、同時代の実存主義・実存哲学ならびに同時代のキリスト教神学における死についての考察と比較しつつ明らかにした。ティリッヒは存在論に基づく実存の分析を行う点で、ハイデガーやヤスパースとの接点を持つ。また、「私個人の死」を思惟の対象とする点で、ジャンケレヴィッチの方法とも共通する。二つ目に、ティリッヒはさらに死の向こう側について語るが、この立場は、人間から見た時間軸(過去-現在-未来)と、神の時間軸(始め-終わり)が異なるという時間概念の特徴に基づく。三つ目に、ティリッヒの死の思想に関する問題点。ティリッヒが希望を見出している「永遠」については「わからなさ」を残し、モルトマンのように今「わかる」希望を語る立場とは異なる。また実存的分析に基づく「死」は、他者や世界との関係性といった観点から捉えることは難しい。