著者

Akifumi Azuma

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-IR02, (Released:2017-06-10)

被引用文献数

29

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Because of the commercial importance of grapes (Vitis spp.), it is important to understand how grape coloration is affected by genetic and environmental factors, as this knowledge may contribute to more stable production of high-quality grapes. The color of berry skins is determined mainly by the quantity and composition of anthocyanins. This review summarizes the results of recent studies of the genetic and environmental regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape berry skin: (i) The myeloblastosis (MYB) haplotype composition at the color locus is the major genetic factor that determines the anthocyanin content. (ii) The MYB haplotype composition at the color locus and the anthocyanin O-methyltransferase locus are major genetic determinants of the ratios of tri- to di-hydroxylated anthocyanins and of methylated to non-methylated anthocyanins. (iii) The accumulation of anthocyanins depends on both low temperature and light, and the two factors have a synergistic effect on the expression of genes within the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. (iv) Comprehensive transcriptome analysis using a grape oligo-DNA microarray let my research group identify many candidate genes involved in low-temperature-induced abscisic acid signaling and light signaling networks related to anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skin. These findings will allow prediction of the skin color of grapes from seedlings at a very young stage by examining the MYB haplotype composition. Furthermore, these results will contribute to a fuller understanding of how grape coloration is affected by environmental factors, thereby helping grape growers to develop cultivation techniques that contribute to the production of highly pigmented grapes.

著者

Atsu Yamasaki Hiroshi Yakushiji Hajime Iwamoto Akifumi Azuma Hiroyoshi Sugiura

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-039, (Released:2017-03-17)

被引用文献数

4

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Various on-tree ethanol-sticker treatments for ‘Taigetsu’ and ‘Taiten’ persimmon (astringent cultivars) were tested to identify optimal treatment conditions for astringency removal and fruit quality. Using aluminum foil coated or polyethylene terephthalate stickers to attach a pad containing 1.5 g of ethanol powder to both sides of the fruit surface in early October removed astringency completely, while the application of treatments to one side of the fruit surface did not. The astringency removal was incomplete in treatments with a cast coating sticker. The aluminum foil-coated sticker with a 1.0 g ethanol pad applied in early October removed flesh astringency completely without fruit skin darkening or the occurrence of large numbers of brown specks in the flesh. It extended fruit shelf life by approximately 7 days compared with postharvest CO2 treatment in November. Conversely, sticker treatments in late September caused many brown specks in the flesh. The sticker treatment with a 0.6 g ethanol pad failed to remove the astringency completely while the sticker treatment with a 1.5 g ethanol pad resulted in heavy fruit skin darkening or the appearance of shallow concentric cracks on the fruit skin. Therefore, we conclude that an on-tree sticker treatment with a 1.0 g ethanol pad on both sides of the fruit surface in early October removes fruit astringency completely and provides high quality ‘Taigetsu’ and ‘Taiten’ persimmon fruit.

著者

Hiroshi Yakushiji Atsu Yamasaki Shozo Kobayashi Junko Kaneyoshi Akifumi Azuma Hiroyoshi Sugiura Akihiko Sato

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-080, (Released:2015-12-29)

被引用文献数

4

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‘Hasshu’, a dwarf budsport that originated from the leading persimmon cultivar ‘Hiratanenashi’ (Diospyros kaki Thunb.), was discovered in Japan in 2005. Although ‘Hiratanenashi’ is seedless because of anisoploidy (2n = 135 = 9x), ‘Hasshu’ produces some small normal seeds. In this study, we investigated differences in the morphological characteristics of the vegetative organs and fruits and in the ploidy level between ‘Hasshu’ and ‘Hiratanenashi’. The shoot length, internode length, and leaf size of ‘Hasshu’ were smaller than those of ‘Hiratanenashi’. ‘Hasshu’ bore smaller flowers than those of ‘Hiratanenashi’ in late May, and had consistently smaller fruit than ‘Hiratanenashi’ at all fruit development stages. ‘Hasshu’ ripened in late October, similar to ‘Hiratanenashi’. Both ‘Hiratanenashi’ and ‘Hasshu’ are pollination-variant astringent (PVA) cultivars. Except for the deletion of one allele at ssrdk10, no differences were detected between the two cultivars at four simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci. By flow cytometric analysis and chromosome observation, we confirmed that ‘Hasshu’ was octoploid (2n = 120 = 8x), indicating that it was both a dwarf and a ploidy-reduction mutation. These results suggest that recovery of the ability to produce some normal seeds by ‘Hasshu’ may have been caused by the change in ploidy from anisoploid to isoploid.