著者

Can Zhong Rongrong Zhou Jian Jin Hao Liu Jing Xie Lanping Zhen Shengen Xiao Shuihan Zhang

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.189-197, 2021-05-20 (Released:2021-05-20)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2

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Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis is an ethnopharmacological fungus with broad pharmacological properties. Light is a critical environmental factor for the stromata formation and development of many fungi. In this study, photomorphogenesis and blue light receptor genes were studied using a strain of O. xuefengensis. Light represses vegetative growth, but conidia linked to stromata can be observed under both light and dark conditions. Light and dark conditions had little effect on the accumulation of polysaccharides and adenosine. The genes Oxwc-1 and Oxwc-2 encoding photoreceptors of O. xuefengensis were cloned and predicted to possess polypeptides of 937 and 525 amino acids, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis based on fungal WC-1/2 supported OxWC-1 and OxWC-2 were photoreceptor. The expression of both the Oxwc-1 and Oxwc-2 genes reached a maximum after receiving light stimulation for 15 min, which might relate to the inhibition of stromata growth.

著者

Hao Liu Jun Xu

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE Electronics Express (ISSN:13492543)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.11, pp.20220532, 2023-06-10 (Released:2023-06-10)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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This paper presents a novel compact and broadband filtering balun using N-shaped spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs). The N-shaped SSPP unit cell’s lateral size has a 48% reduction compared to the rectangle-shaped counterpart. The proposed filtering balun is constructed by periodically etching N-shaped and mode-matching SSPP unit cells into the slotline balun consisting of the microstrip-to-slotline transition structures. The combination of the N-shaped SSPP unit cells and slotline balun realize the compactness and the broadband bandpass filtering response. Moreover, we can individually adjust the passband’s lower and upper cut-off frequencies. Due to the larger phase constant of the N-shaped SSPP unit cell, the field-confined ability of the proposed filtering balun is enhanced. The proposed design is fabricated and measured. It has advantages in bandwidth, stopband performance, size, and degree of design freedom compared with existing SSPP filtering baluns.

著者

Yuta MURAYAMA Toshiyuki NAKATA Hao LIU

出版者

The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

雑誌

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering (ISSN:18809863)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.22-00340, 2023 (Released:2023-01-16)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

2

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Flying animals such as insects, bats, and birds have acquired the ability to achieve diverse and robust flight patterns in various natural environments. Their sophisticated morphologies, kinematics, and dynamics have motivated engineers to develop bioinspired flying robots. Particularly, the capabilities of morphing wing and tail controls in birds have received significant attention. Such controls are expected to introduce novel mechanisms to achieve flight stabilization while maintaining high maneuverability with a low energy cost. While the control of tail posture and motion is considered to exhibit a significant influence on flight performance, there have been few studies focusing on control with multiple degrees of freedom in small flying robots. In this study, we developed a bird-inspired morphing tail mechanism; a model was fabricated and investigated its aerodynamic performance through wind tunnel experiments. The results indicate that the tail attitude can be controlled effectively to enable the enhancement of aerodynamic performance in terms of mechanical efficiency and controllability. We also verified that controlling the tail attitude is redundant in the control of aerodynamic force and moment production, implying the potential capability to achieve stable flight control strategies in response to various disturbances. Therefore, our results indicate that tail-attitude-based aerodynamic control may be able to cope with the conflicting requirements of improving stability and maneuverability of flyers.

著者

Sakito KOIZUMI Toshiyuki NAKATA Hao LIU

出版者

The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

雑誌

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering (ISSN:18809863)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.22-00347, 2023 (Released:2023-01-16)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

2

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Flying insects are capable of hovering and rapid maneuver under unpredictable environments. The principal wing-beat is generated by transmitting the rhythmical contractions of power muscles to the exoskeleton and wing-base articulation. Fine-tuning of the flapping wing kinematics is achieved by deforming the articulation with tiny steering muscles. This flapping mechanism of insect flight is distinct from that of conventional man-made aerial vehicles, enabling superior flight. In this study, we propose an insect-inspired flapping mechanism, which is comprised of two different types of actuators and a flexible wing-base structure. The flapping mechanism is driven by electric motors, which modulate wing kinematics by adjusting the flexible wing-base structure using electromagnetic actuators (EMAs). First, the EMA design was optimized based on analysis of the dynamic forces and displacements to enable deformations of the wing-base structure. A prototype flapping mechanism was then constructed, and its performance was evaluated experimentally by adjusting the actuation phase of the EMAs being synchronized with flapping motions of the wing. The results indicate that the wingbeat kinematics and aerodynamic performance are noticeably sensitive to the actuation timing of EMAs and can thus be controlled by tuning the EMA actuating timing and direction. The flapping mechanism can potentially be applied as a novel means for controlling body posture of flapping-wing micro air vehicles to achieve insect-inspired stable flights in natural environments.

著者

Masateru MAEDA Hao LIU

出版者

The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

雑誌

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering (ISSN:18809863)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.4, pp.344-355, 2013 (Released:2013-12-24)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

10 22

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In very few studies it is shown that an increase in vertical force can be achieved when a flapping-wing hovers in ground effect (IGE). The body, however, has usually been neglected and its influence on three-dimensional vortex structures and consequent aerodynamic forces is still unclear. In this study we carried out a computational fluid dynamic study of a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) hovering for two cases: “in ground effect” and “out of ground effect” (OGE), where the heights from the ground are less than one and more than five times the wing length, respectively. The wings in the IGE computation generated merely 0.7% larger wingbeat cycle-averaged vertical force than in the OGE condition. The body, in contrast, exhibited a significant increase in the vertical force: when out of ground effect, the average vertical force of the body was almost zero (-0.0025 μN); whereas in ground effect, the force increased to 0.78 μN, which is the major contributor to the 8.5% increase in the total vertical force (from 9.9 μN at OGE to 10.8 μN at IGE). Meanwhile, the aerodynamic power of the wings decreased by 1.6%, resulting in a 10% improvement in the overall vertical force-to-aerodynamic power ratio. The flow-field visualization revealed that the downwashes generated by the wings create a high pressure “air cushion” underneath the body, which should be responsible for the enhancement of the body vertical force production. Our results point to the importance of the presence of body in predicting the vertical forces in flapping flights in ground effect.

著者

Shu-Kai Hsueh Cheng-I Cheng Hsiu-Yu Fang Mostafa Mohammad Omran Wen-Hao Liu Wen-Jung Chung Chien-Jen Chen Cheng-Hsu Yang Chih-Yuan Fang Chiung-Jen Wu

出版者

一般社団法人 インターナショナル・ハート・ジャーナル刊行会

雑誌

International Heart Journal (ISSN:13492365)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.313-319, 2017 (Released:2017-05-31)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

12

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To investigate the postprocedural cardiovascular events and vascular outcomes, including hand ischemia and neurological compromise, after transulnar (TU) catheterization in ipsilateral radial artery occlusion.Previous randomized trials have shown that the transulnar (TU) approach for coronary angiogram and intervention has safety and outcomes similar to those of the transradial (TR) approach. However, the safety of the TU procedure when ipsilateral radial artery occlusion occurs is unknown.We retrospectively reviewed 87 TU cases with ipsilateral radial artery occlusion confirmed by a forearm angiogram. Eighty percent of these patients had a history of ipsilateral radial artery cannulation or surgery. We avoided the use of over-sized sheaths or applied a sheathless approach during surgery.No ulnar artery occlusion was observed by subsequent Doppler ultrasound or pulse oximetry. No patient developed hand ischemia or serious complications requiring surgery or blood transfusion during the follow-up period of 32.2 ± 24.0 months. Review of the preprocedural forearm angiograms showed that 95.7% of the patients possessed significant collaterals supplying flow from the interosseous artery to the occluded radial artery remnant. Thus, the blood circulation to the palmar arch and digital vessels was maintained even when the ulnar artery was temporarily occluded by an in-dwelling ulnar arterial sheath.TU catheterization was safe in patients with coexisting ipsilateral radial artery occlusions and feasible for use in complex intervention procedures. Cautious manipulation of ulnar artery cannulation and hemostasis helped decrease the risk of hand ischemia.